We had a similar, even higher price-to-earnings ratio of about forty-six at the peak in 2000 and it corrected way down.
000年时我们的市盈率甚至更高,达到了46,后来经过修正降低了
So already, just from Firm 2's production the price has been driven all the way down to costs.
这样公司2的产量会,导致价格下降直到成本价格
Some way of visualizing, or thinking about, where we draw the price changes from.
这是一种可视化或者思考的方式,他让我们进入了。
Why would people pay any price for stocks if there weren't some way to get money out?
如果投进去的钱根本拿不出来,人们为什么还要买股票呢
So the other guy is pricing below costs, the way which I avoid making losses is to set my price above his price.
所以另一家公司定价低于成本,我想要避免损失的方法是,将我的价格设定得比它高
It tells me the other way around to look at how prices correspond to quantities, it tells me the quantity demanded at any given price.
它直观的显示出,价格如何与产量对应,即在给定的价格上需求量是多少
The formula is-- I could write it this way: price equals one hundred minus this.
公式是,可以这样写,价格等于100减去这些
Let's just make sure we understand this, if the other guy is selling below cost, the only way I can make any sales is to price below his price.
来确认下大家都明白这点,如果另外一家公司定价低于成本,我想卖出产品的唯一方法就是定价比它低
One is that -there's a literature in finance about options and stock price performance, which goes back ten years, that shows that something is not quite right with the way companies issue options.
其中之一是,有一部关于期权与股票价格表现,的金融文献,讲述的是十年前,关于公司发行期权的,一些不太正确的做法
So if Pepsi is dumb enough to price above monopoly, sure I will undercut Pepsi but I won't undercut Pepsi by a penny, I'll undercut Pepsi all the way down to the monopoly price and make monopoly profits.
如果百事笨到把价格设的高于垄断价格,我当然要定价比百事低,但不是低一点,我要把价格设得比百事低直至垄断价格,并获取垄断收益
If stock price option -if stock options tend to be issued as announced by the company later, just before stock prices go up, there's no way that that can be right because nobody can know exactly when the stock price is going to go up.
如果股票期权价格...,如果就像公司事后宣称的一样,公司恰好是在股价上涨之前,发行的股票期权,这是不可能做到的,因为没有人可以确切知道,股票价格何时会上涨
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