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The virus is not killed so It's a live virus, which is actually going to infect your intestinal system and reproduce.
病毒没有被杀死,那么它就是活性病毒,也就意味着它将会,侵入你的肠道系统并且会繁殖
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The government, after this time, did issue contracts to manufacturing companies to produce new quantities of the virus.
在此事件之后,美国政府,和病毒生产企业签了,生产一些病毒的合同
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In fact, a real powerful virus would skip the respiratory system altogether, even better than a cold virus.
事实上，真正强有力的病毒,会跳过呼吸系统，比感冒病毒好的多。
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It's reproduction of the virus and passage of that virus onto new cells which causes the problems with disease that we associate.
病毒一旦繁殖并进入新细胞,就会带来相关病症的危害
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I just have to produce many, many copies of a piece of the virus, a protein, say.
只需要制造许许多多,病毒片段和蛋白的拷贝
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What the cold virus does is evolve different strategies to cause it to reproduce.
感冒病毒进化成不同物种,使之得以繁衍。
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Maybe you don't need the whole virus, but you could just use a piece of the virus,right?
也许你并不需要完整的病毒,你只需使用病毒的一部分
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So, Hepatitis is already infecting cells of their liver, their liver is actively making new virus.
乙肝病毒已经感染了他们的肝细胞,他们的肝脏正在迅速地产生新的病毒
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You infect them with the virus, and you let the cells, in culture, produce the virus.
再用病毒感染它们,使培养基中的细胞产生病毒
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Let me go back and finish up today by talking about the lifecycle of a virus.
让我回到病毒的生命周期这一话题,并以此作为今天的结尾
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And then I don't have to produce the whole virus in order to make a vaccine.
那么无需合成完整的病毒,就能制造疫苗
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Let's talk about the polio virus vaccine, keeping those things in mind.
以脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗为例,你们要记住这些知识点
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The cold virus has evolved just as much as you evolved.
病毒也在进化像你一样。
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Remember that the lucky thing about the smallpox vaccine was that a naturally occurring attenuated form of the smallpox virus variola called vaccinea was found.
对于天花病毒来说,幸运的是,存在一种自然发生的,被称作痘苗病毒的,天花病毒的衰减疫苗
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You could imagine that you've got virus that's propagating inside your cells, making more and more virus, your immune system really responds well to that.
你可以想象,病毒在你的体细胞内繁殖,数量越来越多,你的免疫系统对此反应非常之强烈
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Think for a minute about what happens if you get infected with a virus.
想一想,如果你被病毒感染了会怎么样
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And the goal was to eradicate the virus, to get rid of it so that there were no natural sources of the virus on the planet.
其目标是根除病毒,完全除掉病毒,让这个星球上不再有病毒的自然来源
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Then, if we inject it into people they'll be getting the real virus.
接着,将这种病毒接种到人体内,人体会得到真实的病毒
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Well, if you knew a cell that could serve as a host for a virus, you could use this process of cell culture to make large quantities of virus,right?
如果你知道细胞可以变成病毒的宿主,可以用培养细胞的过程,制造大量病毒,对吧
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He produced an oral polio vaccine from an attenuated virus.
他利用减毒病毒制得口服小儿麻痹症疫苗
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Just use a piece, an antigenic piece of the virus.
只用一部分病毒,就是其具有抗原性的部分
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The strategy that Salk used was to kill the virus instead.
索尔克的方法是使用灭活病毒
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That virus is reproducing inside cells of your respiratory tract.
病毒在你的呼吸道细胞内繁殖
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These released particles can now go on and infect neighboring cells, they can travel in the bloodstream to infect cells at a distance and the virus spreads throughout a multicellular host.
这些释放出的病毒颗粒,可以继续感染邻近的细胞,它们可以随着血流去感染远距离的细胞,于是病毒可以在多细胞宿主体内全面扩散
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The virus enters the cell and it breaks down.
病毒进入细胞后分解
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A problem with adenoviruses is that your immune system recognizes them, and if your immune system recognizes the virus then it can attack the virus and eliminate it from the body.
关于腺病毒有个问题,免疫系统会识别腺病毒,如果免疫系统识别了这些病毒,就会进而攻击并从体内清除病毒
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The proteins that are produced by genes that are on the viral genome get transcribed and translated in order to make more structural proteins that are needed for assembly of the virus.
由病毒基因组上的基因,通过转录和转译制造出来的蛋白质,以便可以制造出更多的,被病毒组合所需的结构蛋白
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Or maybe you don't need the whole virus.
也许你并不需要完整的病毒
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So, you cross link all the proteins in the virus, and you make a particle that looks like a virus but it can't act like a virus any longer because it can't replicate.
当病毒中所有的蛋白质交联后,就得到了一种看上去像病毒,却无法致病的病毒,因为这种病毒不能进行复制
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Because they've made many copies of their genome and they've made all the proteins that are necessary to - for assembly of a new virus, then this cell can make many new viruses.
因为病毒制造了大量病毒基因组的拷贝,和所有,新病毒组装所需的蛋白质,所以这个细胞就有能力制造大量新的病毒
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