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That's because every three base pairs describes an amino acid in a protein.
那是因为每三个碱基对,对应一个蛋白质中的一个氨基酸
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They'd be different in each of us and that leads to the difference in the diversity between people.
不同的人的DNA碱基对顺序是不一样的,碱基对顺序的不同组合导致了个体多样性
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That only strands that have this exact complement can form double stranded DNA.
这表示只有两条链的碱基对,完全互补才能形成DNA双链
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So the access that a cell has to certain kinds of genes, or chemical modifications of DNA, not chemical modifications that change the base pairs, that would be a mutation.
因此细胞变化的途径应该是对某些基因,或者DNA进行化学修饰,不是更改碱基对,更改碱基对就是突变了
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That's because you have to satisfy this base pair matching in order to have hydrogen bonding in each of the struts of the ladder in order to form a stable structure.
NA双链要满足互补配对原则,以使碱基对之间,形成氢键,从而形成稳定的双链结构
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This label is DNA that might be made radioactive or made fluorescent, and it has a base pair sequence that is from some other region of the gene that you're interested in.
这种标签就是具有放射性,或者荧光性的DNA,它有一个取自于,你感兴趣的那段基因上,其他位置的碱基对序列
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Well one way you could do it is by saying 'if I have this one base pair difference then this sequence is going to be cut by a specific restriction enzyme that recognizes the sequence CTGAGGA'.
一种方法是通过考虑,"如果我有这个不同的碱基对,那该序列必然会,被特定的限制酶识别并切割,这个特定的限制酶能识别,CTGAGGA "
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Every cell in your body has exactly the same DNA; that is if I could stretch out all the DNA and look at the base pair sequence, the sequences of bases along all the DNA in your chromosomes, they'd be identical in all the cells.
身体内每一个细胞都有完全相同的DNA,如果我把整条DNA展开,然后检查其碱基对的顺序,你体内每个细胞中染色体上,DNA的碱基对顺序,都是完全相同的
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The native structure is this double stranded structure here and if I heat it up slightly and I add some base, so under slightly basic conditions, these molecules will fall apart because you've created conditions where the hydrogen bonding is no longer favorable so they peel apart.
原始结构,在这里就是指DNA双链,如果我稍微加热,并且加入一些碱,在弱碱性的条件下,这些配对碱基会分开,这是因为在一定条件下,碱基对之间的氢键,不再稳定并且会断裂分开
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The goal of that was to take for a typical human, or for a typical - in the case of the human genome project maybe you're looking at fruit flies, you want to look at all the DNA in a fruit fly, but to look at the sequence of base pairs that makes up human DNA and write them all out; we'll talk about that later.
这个计划的目的是,建立一个有代表性人类的基因顺序,或者说是典型的人类基因组,就人类基因组计划来说,或许你在研究果蝇,你想观察果蝇内的所有DNA,而人类基因组计划是观察组成人类的,DNA的碱基对顺序并且将它们记录下来,我们不久之后会讨论这些内容
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