But dualism doesn't so much offer the explanation typically as just say, "Well, maybe we'd be better off positing something immaterial."

但是二元论还没有给出,这样的解释,也许我们假设非物质的存在会好一些

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Because, for the purposes of this class, I'm going to reserve the word "Soul" for the immaterialist conception of the mind.

为了讲课的需要,我会将"灵魂"这个词,留到讲心灵的非物质性概念时再用

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The only thing that matters is the salvation of the incorporeal, the bodiless soul, but Milton is so unorthodox, or at least heterodox, in his insistence on the importance of the body in this poem.

基督教强调只有非物质的非肉体的心灵的救赎，才是重要的，但弥尔顿是如此异端，至少不正统，在诗中一直强调肉体的重要性。

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So physicalists do not believe in any immaterial object above and beyond the body that's part of a person.

所以物理主义者不相信,任何超越肉体的非物质实体的存在

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So, should we conclude, as dualists, that smiles are these extra nonphysical things that have a special intimate relationship with bodies?

那么,我们是否该像二元论者一样宣称,笑是某种与肉体有着某种,特殊紧密联系的非物质呢

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One possible explanation, the dualist, that's the ghost of your mother, immaterial soul that she is, communicating to you while you're asleep.

一个可能的解释,二元论者会说,那是你妈妈的鬼魂,她是一个非物质的灵魂,在你睡觉的时候跟你交流

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Well, the dualist says, "That shows us that we have to believe that there's something non-physical about us.

二元论者认为,这表明我们必须相信,人有非物质性的一面

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But to that extent, it's doing all these things and yet we're not tempted to say, are we, that the computer has a nonphysical part?

但从那种程度来说,它做到了所有的这一切,而我们也没有说,这个电脑有个非物质的部分

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After all, if the soul is an immaterial object, can immaterial objects have locations?

归根结底,如果灵魂是个非物质的东西,那么一个非物质的东西会有位置吗

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But the crucial point for this view is that the proper metaphysical understanding of the mind is to think of it in nonphysical terms, nonmaterial terms.

但是这个观点的关键之处在于,从哲学角度对心灵的恰当理解,必须是在非物理的条件下去思考的,非物质的条件

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Do we have immaterial souls, something that might survive the death of our body?

我们有非物质的灵魂吗，会有东西能够从我们死亡的身体中幸存吗？

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The heaven in this poem is so far from being the incorporeal - the spiritual heaven of orthodox Christianity that you have an image of an actual orgy, the festal orgy raging under the thyrsus .

这首诗所描绘的天堂与正统基督教所宣扬的,非物质的，精神的天堂是如此大相径庭,弥尔顿描绘了一副纵欲狂欢的场景,在神杖下纵欲狂欢。

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Is the mind to be understood in terms of this immaterial object, the soul? So are there two kinds of things?

难道心灵必须得被理解为,一种非物质客体,也就是灵魂吗,这两种东西是一样的吗

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When I use the word "Soul," I'm going to have in mind this dualist view according to which the soul is something immaterial, nonphysical.

当我用"灵魂"这个词时,我会采用二元论思路,因为他们认为,灵魂是非物质,非物理的

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I know very little about how immaterial objects are supposed to work.

我压根就对,非物质的东西如何运作没什么概念

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And so, Descartes' attempt to establish the distinctness of the mind, the immateriality of the mind, on the basis of this Cartesian thought experiment, I think that's unsuccessful.

所以,笛卡尔试图,用他的卡式思想实验来证明,心灵的独立存在性,和非物质性,我认为这种尝试是失败的

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I believe the attempts to establish the existence of a soul, an immaterial object, the house of consciousness separate and distinct from the body, I think those arguments fail.

我认为,无论是试图证明,灵魂作为一种非物质的东西,而存在,还是证明心灵,这个意识的处所,独立于肉体,我认为这些论证都不成立

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Are there things that need to be explained that we could explain if we posited the existence of a soul, an immaterial object, above and beyond the body?

有没有这样的事物,只有假定灵魂,这种凌驾于肉体之上的,非物质实体存在,才能对其进行解释

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Life requires something immaterial above and beyond matter to explain it.

还需要借助某些,非物质的,高于并超于物质的东西,来对生命进行解释

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I'm going to mean something immaterial, something distinct from our bodies.

我的意思是指某些非物质的东西，某些区别于我们身体的东西。

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Is there a good reason to add the soul, something immaterial?"

有没有很好的理由再加上,灵魂之类的非物质实体

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There must be something extra, something immaterial about us, the soul.

必定存在某些额外的东西,某些非物质,比如灵魂

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A person has a soul, something immaterial and not a body.

人是有灵魂的,一种超越肉体非物质的东西

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We'll begin to work out some sort of alternative immaterial theory.

我们会找到,其他的某种非物质理论

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Now--it's important to bear in mind that this view is perfectly compatible with being a physicalist, after all we're not saying that in order to have personalities you need to have something not unphysical.

你们必须牢记，这个论调,与作为物理主义学者的身份,并不冲突，我们并不是说,要接受人格存在的概念,你就必须接受一些非物质的思想。

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There are no immaterial objects like that.

没有这样的非物质实体存在

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But there's a part of us, perhaps the essential part of us, that is something more than the physical, the spiritual, immaterial part of us, which as I say in this class we'll call a soul.

我们身体中有一部分，可能是重要的，比身体重要的，精神上的，非物质的部分，就像我在这里说的灵魂。

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So--you might think " "Oh, no, the physicalist is wrong," when the physicalist says that personality memory, belief, consciousness, what have you is housed or based in the body is based in an immaterial soul.

你也许会想,“不，这个物理主义学者说错了“,当他说,个人的记忆，信仰，意识，等等都储存在肉体里,也储存在非物质的灵魂里。

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We need to posit the soul, something immaterial that survives the death of the body, that can leave the body, go up to heaven; though, as it happens in these cases, the tie is never completely broken.

我们需要假设灵魂,某种非物质的,能在肉体死后还存在的东西,能离开肉体,升入天堂,尽管,正如在这些例子里发生的,它们之间的联系从未完全破裂

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