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It deconvolves that reaction of sodium plus chlorine into elementary steps that are related to electron transfer and acquisition.
它将钠和氯的反应,分解成基本的步骤,这些步骤是直接与电子的转移和获得有关的。
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This cation is attracting the chloride next to it and it is repelling the sodium as the next nearest neighbor.
这一阳离子被邻近的氯离子所吸引,并排斥钠离子,因为这是其最邻近的离子。
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if we're actually thinking about electron configuration and we look at lithium, sodium and potassium, these all have one valence electron.
让我们来想一想,锂，钠，钾的电子排布，它们都只有一个价电子。
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The ones that are most important in physiology are ones that only allow ions to go through: sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate.
在生理学上这种,只能允许某种离子通过的通道十分重要,这些离子包括钠离子,钾离子,氯离子,钙离子和碳酸氢根离子
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We talked about this reaction here where we had chloride ion in the gas phase plus sodium ion in the gas phase.
我们在讨论这一个反应,我们有气相的氯原子,与气相的钠原子接触。
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We started with gaseous sodium to make gaseous sodium ion and gaseous atomic chlorine to make gaseous chloride ion through electron transfer.
我们从气态的钠开始,得到气态的钠离子,从气态的氯原子,通过电子转移得到氯离子。
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And then I am going to take sodium gas and I am going to make this into sodium gas plus electron.
接下来，将气态的钠,转化为,带正电的气态钠。
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For example, sodium in our blood plasma is almost to the point sometimes of 100 millimol or that's very, very concentrated.
比如，钠在我们的血浆中的浓度,有时几乎达到了一百毫克分子,或者说非常非常浓。
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We've seen so far that we can have a neutral plus neutral sodium plus chlorine goes to cation plus anion.
到目前为止,我们得到了一个不带电的加一个不带电的,即钠加上氯，得到阳离子加阴离子。
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That potential difference is generated by the movement of ions, principally sodium and potassium across the membrane.
电势差是由离子运动造成的,特别是钠和钾的跨膜运动
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And they wanted to use a soluble salt of citric acid, so they could have used sodium, they could have used potassium.
而且他们想用一种柠檬酸的可溶性盐，他们本可以用钠，也可以用钾。
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I could take an unknown gas and put it in and measure it and then say, wow, those are the lines that are characteristic of sodium.
我取一种未知气体，把它放到管里,然后检测它，哇，这些线是钠的特征。
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The first thing I am going to do is I am going to convert the sodium into vapor.
第一步,我将要将固态的钠气化。
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So, what happens, this is another view of a sodium channel, so this is actually looking a little bit more at the protein structure.
那么，这里发生了什么，这是钠离子通道的另一张图片，在这种蛋白质结构中,它看起来更复杂一点。
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And I say, no, I think any of you should know that potassium lies under sodium.
我要说的是，你们应该知道,钾是在钠的下面的。
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So, for example, for sodium, we can instead write neon and then 3 s 1.
所以举例来说对于钠其他的外层电子，的结合的电子。
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So now, let's get a sodium here, and the chloride ion next to it to the point where they are touching.
所以，我们要有一个钠离子，和氯离子放在,相互接触的一个点上。
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That is to say I can now reroute that sodium plus chlorine reaction and go a different way, but I still end up with the same change in energy.
也就是说，我可以重新定义一种,钠与氯的反应途径,从另一种途径来实现反应，但是能量的变化过程相同。
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If you flip the Periodic Table over you will have the ionization energy of sodium, first ionization energy, 5eV and it is about 5 eV which, when you convert, 496kJ/mol is a whopping 496 kilojoules per mole.
如果浏览周期表,你可以得到钠的离子化能，第一电离能，大约，当你转换的时候，是巨大的。
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So, I've got something that's one electron away from the electronic structure of neon.
所以，我知道了钠的电子结构和氖,只差一个电子。
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Its ionization would be I take one of the electrons on chlorine and throw it away.
这个离子化的过程就是,从钠原子中取出一个电子,并扔掉。
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There is nothing saying that that sodium, its positive charge has not been neutralized.
什么也没有，钠的正电荷没有被中和是。
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That change happens because something gets triggered in the membrane, and what gets triggered is a voltage gated sodium channel, which is shown here.
变化的原因是膜上某些东西被触发了,被触发的是钠离子电压门控通道,展示在这儿了
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For these purposes think about a channel, it only allows sodium to go through for example.
基于此目的,我们来讲离子通道,拿仅允许钠离子通过的通道作为例子
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I want to get to there starting from real sodium and real chlorine.
我们要实现这一步,从实际的钠和实际的氯开始。
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And, I also know something else about sodium.
另外，我还知道钠的别的性质。
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This is denuded of an electron, it is Na plus.
这边是裸电子的，是钠正离子。
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The sodium is net positive.
钠离子是带正电的。
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So I am already there with sodium.
所以得到了钠的这种形式。
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So, for example, if I have a sodium ion over here, and I have a chloride ion over here, where the distance from center to center r I'm denoting as r, this is nucleus to nucleus separation.
所以，比如这有一个钠离子，和一个氯离子，它们中心与中心间的距离,我把它设为，这是原子核和原子和的间距。
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