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Now there are challenges to a plant based diet which made eating meat important to humans in human history.
在人类历史上,以素食为主的饮食方式面临各种挑战,使得进食肉类变得重要
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If you've been going 19 days without any food, you know, someone just has to take the sacrifice.
如果你已经19天没有进食，那么总得有人要作出牺牲。
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And one answer to why we eat and when we eat is that there's cues in the environment that are associated with eating.
对与这个问题，有一种解释认为,这是因为环境中存在着,与进食有关的提示线索。
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And there are three properties of this diet that help promote overeating and obesity in laboratory animals.
而这种导致实验室动物,过度进食和肥胖的饮食具备三种特征
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Indeed, they press the lever and they'll stop eating, they're no longer interested in sex.
事实上它们不按断杠杆以至停止进食，不再对交配感兴趣。
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Here you see the main concern is what's happening with blood sugar when people eat food.
它主要关注的问题是进食引起的血糖变化
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You can train it to flap its wings to escape a situation but it's very difficult to get it to flap its wings for food.
你可以训练鸽子,通过扇动翅膀来脱离某个情境,但却很难通过训练鸽子扇动翅膀来进食。
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We'll spend some time in this course discussing why we eat and when we eat.
我们会花些时间,来讨论为何要进食，何时要进食。
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The hypothalamus is responsible here for feeding, hunger, thirst, and to some extent sleep.
下丘脑控制进食,饥饿,口渴,以及部分的睡眠活动
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If you've been going 19 days without any food, you know, someone just has to take the sacrifice, someone has to make the sacrifice and people can survive.
如果你已经19天没有进食，那么总得有人要作出牺牲，必须有人牺牲，其他人才能活下来。
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But if you take an animal and you give it a new food and then you shock it very painfully it won't avoid the new food.
但如果你给动物吃一种新食物,然后电击它，令其感到疼痛,它仍然会进食这种食物。
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So if you take an animal and you give it a new food and then you give it a drug to make it nauseous it will avoid that food.
所以，如果你给动物吃一种新食物,然后你喂它某种药物，让其感到恶心,它就会避免进食这种食物。
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The body is sending out signals that more eating is necessary.
身体发出了需要进食更多的信号
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Kelly Brownell is going to talk--is head of the Rudd Center, focuses on obesity, eating disorders, dieting, and he'll talk about the psychology of food.
凯莉·布洛耐尔,是路德研究中心的领导者,主要研究肥胖症,进食紊乱和节食方面的问题,他会为大家讲述饮食的心理学
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I just mentioned examples of that, so the organism seeks out fat, sweet, and variety and eating large amounts of food becomes a priority, at least according to the brain.
我仅仅是举了个例子,机体寻求脂肪,糖或其他食物,大量进食成了首要任务,至少大脑是这么认为的
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There may be a little bit of uncertainty about that.
对于你能否进食还有个不确定因素
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The glycemic affect is the extent to which this blood sugar effect occurs when people consume certain foods and then the glycemic index is just a number that gets attached to that.
血糖效应从某种程度上讲,是在人们进食,某些食物时出现的血糖波动,血糖指数则仅仅是这一效应的量化体现
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Now these were important changes because humans of course can-- are omnivores and can eat both plants and animals, and therefore, the ability to secure nutrients from these different sources became very appealing to humans.
这些是很重要的变化,显然人类现在,是杂食动物,能够进食植物和动物,因为营养来源的多元化,对人类来说很重要
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The peak occurs a little bit later and then there's a less rapid decline here, and then blood sugar actually ends up a little above this initial level, and therefore you're less likely to eat because you're less hungry.
峰值出现得比较晚,下降也较为缓慢,最后血糖结束在比起始值稍高的位置,因此人就没有那么想进食 因为不感觉饿
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I sort of blocked it out with the circles, but then you can go put in two servings, and you put what time of day you had it and then the program will be able to do its work.
我把它圈了出来,你输入说是两份,之后输入进食的时间,系统随后就能运行分析
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The interest there was what do--can we learn about this because there were populations all over the world starving and scientists wanted to know what was happening physiologically to people and then what was the best way to re-feed them when you got--when they got access to food again?
我们关心的是从这项研究中能学到什么,世界上有很多人还在忍饥挨饿,科学家们想知道,饥饿对人们生理上的影响,以及当饥饿的人重新拥有足够食物的时候,最好的进食方法
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And then there would be the butchering of the animal, there would be the securing the crops from the fields, and then bringing it to wherever you were going to eat it, which burns more calories and requires more physical effort, compared to the person on the right that really doesn't have to do much at all.
然后,他们要屠宰动物,要看护好地里的庄稼,还要把食物带到进食的地方,与右边的人相比,他们消耗更多卡路里,需要更强的体力,后者根本不必需付出那么多
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Let's create a graph here that on the x axis it's going to be time, so time zero will be when you first take in a food and then one hour later, two hours later will be shown as you go from left to right, and then we'll have blood glucose level up on the y axis.
我们在这建立一个曲线图,X轴代表的是时间,所以零时间点是你第一次进食的时间,然后一小时以后,两小时以后,是从左到右呈现在图表上的,在Y轴上是你的血糖值
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