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The history of mortgages is that they have generally over time gotten more easy on loan-to-value ratio and also on maturity.
从抵押贷款的历史来看,随着时间推移,抵押贷款,对于贷款价值比和期限越来越宽松
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So, when the mortgage ends, you're just clear and free; you don't have to pay anything--nothing comes at the end.
因此,抵押贷款正好在到期时全部还清,贷款期末你不再偿还任何金额
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At the end of the loan upon your payment of the principal and of sufficient additional interest, John Milton, Sr., the goldsmith, would return to you the gold that you had entrusted to him.
在贷款期限到期时，在你支付了本金,和额外的利息后，金匠约翰弥尔顿会把你托付,给他的金币还给你。
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It's going to be cancelled next year. I won't get my money back.' Loans must be made even if the debt will be cancelled, for the simple reason that the problem of poverty is a terrible and persistent problem.
因为在来年贷款会被解除，他们就收不回自己的钱了,即使是债务会被免除，人们也必须给人借贷，这仅仅,是因为贫困是一个长久存在的可怕问题。
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If a firm is competing against a customer let's say for a non-prime loan perhaps that assumption is not quite so safe.
如果一家公司在和客户博弈,比如发放说次级贷款,可能假设不是那么完备
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The other is I take a mortgage, I buy a house, I pay it off, I go into a heavy indebtedness but with a good rational reason and it all works out in the end.
另一种情况是，我分期贷款买了一套房子，我还清了贷款，却债台高筑,这样，于情于理都能说通,而且，最终无事一身轻。
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This thing collapsed in the 1980s and it cost the U.S. Government, through the FSLIC, about 150 billion dollars.
0世纪80年代,坏账集中爆发,美国政府经联邦储蓄贷款保险公司之手,花费了约1500亿美元才填补了坏账
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Suppose you are moving after five years, you took out a thirty-year mortgage and you're moving after five years.
假设你已经偿还了五年贷款,你的贷款总期限是30年,你已经还了五年
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But if the loan to value ratio is greater than one, they won't be able to get all the money back.
但如果贷款价值比率大于1,他们就不能追回所有的贷款
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It was granted a monopoly on joint stock banking by Parliament in return for giving war loans to the government.
作为向政府给予战争贷款的交换,英格兰银行被英国国会授予,成为股份制银行的垄断者。
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Now incidentally, often bank loans to corporations are short-term, technically, so the bank is both lending short and borrowing short.
顺便说一下,技术上讲,银行借给公司的都是短期贷款,银行同时进行短期借贷业务
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In fact, our own Senator Christopher Dodd has a bill in Congress right now to bring back the HOLC, basically.
事实上,参议员克里斯托弗·多德,已向国会提交了议案,意思就是要求恢复房主贷款公司
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So what banks offer is liquidity -the ability to borrow short even though the loans that are made are long-term.
而银行就提供了流动性,即接受短期存款,但可以发放长期贷款的能力
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It did it through banks; they gave the money to banks to make loans to people who were in trouble.
贷款还是通过银行发放,他们把钱给银行,然后由银行向有困难的人放贷
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Why don't I lend some of it out and I can earn interest on the loan and make money.
为什么我不贷一部分出去呢,这样我就可以通过贷款赚利息了
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That's happened now primarily as the result of losses in, now all mortgages, but mortgages and levered loans.
这正在发生，主要是因为，现在所有的抵押贷款，包括抵押贷款和杠杆贷款上的损失。
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Since the 1990s, we've seen a proliferation of new kinds of mortgages that especially are offered to low-income people by certain lenders.
从20世纪90年代,我们看到一种新型抵押贷款在快速发展,它由特定贷款人向低收入人群发放
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Part of--this is the--it's not loan-to-value ratio-- this is the ratio of mortgage debt to personal consumption expenditure.
这并非贷款价值比率的问题,一定程度上,是抵押率的问题,即负债对个人消费支出的比率
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They subtract this from the purchase price of the house and then you've got the cash to go and buy another house.
他们从售房价格里减去这个贷款余额,然后你就可以得到现金去买另一个房子
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That means that if you fail to pay on the loan, the property is taken by the lender to satisfy your debts.
这意味着如果你不能偿付贷款,这项资产会归债权人所有以清偿你的债务
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The FHA went further than the HOLC; they demanded that mortgages be twenty years and also self-amortizing.
联邦住宅管理局比房主贷款公司更进一步,他们约定抵押贷款,可以在20年内进行分期偿还
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When you mortgage a property that means that you offer the property as collateral for a loan.
当你通过抵押贷款购买一项财产意味着,你需要抵押这项财产的所有权以获得贷款
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Now today, the standard mortgage, which you would probably get when you buy your first house, is not fifteen or twenty--it's thirty years.
今天,标准的抵押贷款,当你买第一套房子时你或许就能得到,期限不是15或者20年,而是30年
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People knew that a lot of bad loans were being made or loans were being made to people who shouldn't be getting them.
人们知道现在银行有很多坏账产生,或者有很多多贷款再贷的时候就根本不需要人们来还它。
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Let's make some risky loans and if it succeeds we make money; if the thing blows up, well then they government will pay.
然后贷款给一些风险大的项目,如果成功了,我们会赚钱,如果事情搞砸了,那时政府自会买单
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A typical home--a conventional thirty-year-- this is what most people get today and that's--except for subprime.
一个典型的住宅,期限一般是30年,除了次级贷款之外,今天大部分抵押贷款期限都是30年
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It started offering, indirectly, but started offering mortgages to all these people who couldn't refinance.
它间接地,向那些无法重新申请抵押贷款的人,提供贷款
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The Fed has never given loans to anyone other than a depository institution that is a bank until last month, except they did so in the Depression.
上个月，联邦政府已经开始限制贷款业务,除了银行以外的其他金融机构,休想再放出一分钱的贷款，也就是在萧条时政府才会这么做。
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So, that's a funny property of conventional mortgages -that the mortgage balance declines very slowly at first and then it falls rapidly when it comes to maturity.
这是普通贷款很有意思的特性,即贷款余额在起初减少的非常缓慢,但随着到期日的临近,便会加速递减
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Whereas, at the beginning, the mortgage balance is dropping only very slowly because you've got a lot of interest to pay and your mortgage payment is constant.
而在贷款初期,贷款余款减少的则非常缓慢,这是因为还款额是固定的,同时你还要偿付大量的利息
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