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In order to keep the currency convertible they had to keep interest rates high to prevent people from demanding the gold.
为了保持货币的转换性,他们不得不将利率提高,以防人们向他们索求金子的兑换。
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Why do you think the UK uses its own currency instead of using Euros like in other European countries?
英国使用自己的货币，而不是像其他欧盟成员一样使用欧元，你怎么看待这个问题？
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It consists of a promise to pay, usually denominated in currency, and there are both long-term and short-term debt instruments.
是一种付款承诺,通常是货币支付形式,有长期债券,以及短期债券
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And actually on terms of the dollar, I think you gotta be concerned about the dollar. -You do Dollar is our currency.
说到美元这个问题，我认为这才是我们应当担心的，-是吧,美元可是我们的流通货币呢。
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But more importantly,more successful in just as the currency of happiness and wellbeing.
更重要的是，我将“更成功,正如快乐货币和幸福货币一样。
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But it also kind of lose your identity because we used to have our own currency
但是也会有点失去自己的身份，因为我们曾经有自己的货币，
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It's exactly what we did with the World Bank and the IMF, with the Mashall Plan, with then the Alliance for Progress later, looking at Latin America.
就像当初我们和世界银行以及世界货币基金组织，像我们的马歇尔计划，和之后的进步联盟，再看看拉美。
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TAF The Term Auction Facility or TAF was created by the Federal Reserve under Bernanke on December 12th.
货币短期拍卖-或者说,是于十二月十二日,由伯南克领导的联邦储备银行发明的。
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But the point is Reagan supported that effort and that made all the difference, and it took a lot of courage Reagan was going to take the recession in 1982 He was willing to support Volker no matter what to get the inflation down ... Alright, so... Interest rates in the summer of 1980 were quite high Yes, they were.
但是，里根力挺了这次货币改革,这才是重点，下这样的决心不容易,里根本打算在1982年来狠抓经济衰退2,他很信任沃尔克,为了降低通胀率，可以不惜一切代价,好吧，那么。,1980年夏天，银行利率已经相当高了,没错，确实如此。
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It's a new form of monetary policya new invention which we've been doing only for a matter of months now.
这是一种新的货币政策形式一个新的发明,我们刚刚采用了几个月而已。
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Economists when researching it all over the place, but I feel a lot has to do with monetary policy.
经济学家常百思不得其解，但我感觉经济与货币政策有很大干系。
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and don't have to go to exchange currency or whatever. So that's very nice.
然后不必兑换货币什么的。所以非常好。
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but they no longer have the importance that they once did because they no longer manage the currency.
但是它们再也没有当初的重要的地位,因为它们不再管理货币了。
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It's different from Fed policy in that they set up a certain amount of money and auction that off to the highest bidder.
这与美联储政策不同,因为他们设定了一定数量的连出价最高的投标者,都无法触及的货币拍卖。
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There were seventeen categories of equity mutual funds and they compared the dollar-weighted to the time-weighted returns.
其中一共是17种股权共同基金,将它们的货币加权回报率,和时间加权回报率进行比较
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I mean, lately they've been more inefficient, in my view, because the Fed's creating too much money.
我是说，最近市场表现的更没效率，在我看来，这是因为美联储发行了太多的货币。
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In every one of those seventeen categories, the dollar-weighted returns were less than the time-weighted returns.
发现这17种基金中的每一种,货币加权回报率,都是低于时间加权回报率的
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In the 1960s and 70s central banks around the world were inflating the currency.
在六十年代和七十年代，世界各地的中央银行,都在使货币上涨。
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The following lecture will be about banking, the supply of money and the money multiplier.
接下来的课我们讲银行业,货币供应和货币乘数
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So they agreed to auction off it's a little bit different than a it's a little different from an ordinary monetary policy.
所以，他们同意将财产拍卖掉,这有一点儿不同于，有一点儿与,普通的货币政策不同。
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I don't play the currency market, unfortunately, because currency has gone down so much.
很遗憾我没有企图在货币市场上牟利，因为货币市场最近跌幅巨大。
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The thing that really emerged just in the last week or so is that of course monetary policy is about setting of interest rates.
在上周左右出现的现象,当然，货币政策的目的,是为了调整好利率水平。
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It was supposed to maintain the convertibility of the currency into gold.
它的作用在于保持,货币与金子间的转换。
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For example, we have the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.
例如，我们现有的,美国货币监理署。
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That would be putting it in a real frame and-- wouldn't that be more sensible, because you would be specifying the contract in real terms rather than money terms?
那样的话就是一种实物框架理念-,那样不是更合理吗，因为在你拟定合约时,会更倾向于用实物而非货币来计算？
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Some people ask what is the currency backed by?
一些人会问，货币被什么支持呢？
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The reason that countries dropped the gold standard was that under the effort to keep the currency convertible into gold they were worsening the depression of the 1930s.
这些国家放弃金本位制度,的原因在于，伴随着保持,货币与金子的转换功能,三十年代的大萧条正在被加深。
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The question is what it means to say something is backed by something because well you could say it's backed by gold because the Fed has eleven billion dollars of gold.
问题在于，说某个东西被另一个东西支持,意味着，你可以说,货币被金子支持着,因为美联储有一百一十亿美元的金子。
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England's money was more stable than other countries.
英国的货币比其他国家的货币还更稳定些。
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The currency is centralized at the European Central Bank.
货币在欧洲中央银行,被统一了。
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