And Jenner made the observation that others had made, that people that were around cows a lot tended not to get smallpox.

詹纳观察到的现象别人也曾观察到,就是经常接触奶牛的人不容易患天花

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It wasn't until the 20th century, so almost 200 years later, that we learned how to do this.

在詹纳研制出天花疫苗二百多年后,直到二十世纪,我们才知道如何做到这一点

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And that person who really studied it systematically, and is given credit for developing the first vaccine, is a Scottish physician named Edward Jenner.

而那个系统研究疫苗,并被誉为发明了第一支疫苗的人,叫爱德华?詹纳,是苏格兰的一名医生

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There were problems with Jenner's approach, and you can imagine what some of those problems are.

詹纳的方法中存在一些问题,你们想想问题出在哪

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And I've already given you some clues about this, in that this process of vaccination that Jenner had developed was intentionally injecting into healthy patients, a microorganism.

我刚刚已经向你们提示了一些,在詹纳发明的接种过程里,故意把微生物注射到健康病人身上

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In addition to Jenner, there was a farmer named Benjamin Jesty, who recognized that farmers, being in contact with cows, didn't get disease as often as non-farmers did.

除了詹纳,还有个叫本杰明?加斯特的农民,他发现与奶牛接触的农民,不像其他人那样容易患天花

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And Jenner was making another observation that might be useful that way.

詹纳通过观察发现了一种可能有用的方法

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Jenner did this in a much more systematic way.

詹纳的方法则更加系统

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And Jenner, because he was a trained physician, because he knew something about the scientific method, did something that these more ancient healers had not done in the past, was that he wrote down what he did.

而詹纳,因为他是个受过训练的医生,懂得一些科学方法,他做了那些古老的医生们没有做的事,就是记录了自己的所作所为

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选