-
Now when the only types we're dealing with are the built-in types, the ones that came with the programming language, that doesn't really matter.
现在我们对付的数据类型,只有内置的数据类型,也就是编程语言固有的类型。
-
Computer programming is a lot like learning a different language,
电脑编程很像是学习一种不同的语言，
-
A low-level language, we used to call this assembly programming, you're down at the level of, your primitives are literally moving pieces of data from one location of memory to another, through a very simple operation.
一个低级的语言，我们曾经将其称为假设编程，你们只是处于用基本要素，把一些数据碎片,从记忆存储器的一个地方，通过简单的操作来转到另外一个地方。
-
So write the so called source code which is in a specific language.
用指定的编程语言,写出所谓的源代码。
-
Lisp The problem with that technique, while it's very general, is how long does it take me to find the i'th element of the list?
很多编程语言包括，都是用了这种技术,这个问题就是，当数组很大的时候？
-
What we're going to see with programming language is that we're going to use higher-level abstracts.
我们将要看到的是,我们将会在高端的阶段中使用编程语言。
-
Right? If that was the case in that code, then my complexity is no longer log, because I need linear access for each time I've got to go to the list, and it's going to Lisp be much worse than that.
这里的复杂度不再是对数的了，因为每次在列表中，查找需要线性访问,可能还要糟糕,其实，有些编程语言，如。
-
Some other object-oriented programming languages do not provide that pointer.
其他的面相对象编程的语言,没有提供这个指针。
-
As a matter of convention and good style which is another theme of the course that we'll focus more - on on Friday onward, it's generally good to-- good style to actually describe in English even succinct English, what your program is doing.
大家要养成一个良好的编程习惯,这是本课程另一个重要的中心思想,我会在本周五还有以后的课堂时间着重强调这个问题-,用简明扼要的语言,描述你的程序，是一种很好的编程风格。
-
Realize in programming languages like C, there is a set of very well-defined rules, and this is in the recommended books.
同样，在像C语言这样的编程语言里，也有,一套非常明确的规则，这些都在推荐图书里面。
-
3 So here what I'm doing is 17 divided by 13, but because of this parenthetical, , -- because of that parenthetical -- that has nothing to do with math; -- this is a programming language thing -- that is a casting operation.
所以这里我要做的是用17除以，但因为这样的题外话，因为那样的题外话-,还是没有做完这个数学题;,这是一个编程语言的东西-,那是一个计算操作。
-
So hopefully there is indeed a way to fix this, but it looks as though the division operator, the single slash is division but -- and here's a curiosity about many programming languages -- because 17 is an integer and because 13 is an integer, why do I say that?
我的确希望有一个方法来修正这个错误，但是看起来,好像那个除法操作，那个斜杠是除法,但是--对于很多编程语言来说,是挺奇怪的--因为17是一个整数,13也是一个整数，为什么我这样说？
-
How many of you have heard the term used before? How may have you heard the term used before in terms of programming languages? Great. For the rest you, don't sweat it. This is a highfalutin term that computer scientists use to try and make them look like they're smarter than they really are.
这里就要引入递归的概念了,你们中有多少人以前听过这个词？,你们中有多少人在编程语言中,用过这个词？,很好，剩下的同学也不要担心,这是电脑科学家们用来让自己,显得更聪明的夸张词汇。
-
At least hundreds-- of programming languages around.
至少几百--的编程语言存在。
-
Same thing in our languages.
我们的编程语言也一样。
-
Of programming languages?
这么多的编程语言？
-
It's not true, by the way, of all programming languages. In fact, Professor Guttag already talked about that, in some languages lists take a time linear with the length to get to it.
顺便说一句这在大部分，编程语言中做不到，实际上Guttag教授已经说过这一点了，在一些语言中取得数组,要花费时间是线性长度的。
-
Well in C and many similar languages, you have to implement that same bracing structure with your keyboard using an open curly brace and a closed curly brace, so a tiny little detail.
在C语言和一些类似的编程语言中,你也必须搭建同样的架构,同样也得注意前大括号啊,后大括号啊等等这些细节问题。
-
Well in C and other languages that we'll see this semester, you use what's called the for loop, and this as syntax isn't quite as straightforward but once you know what to look for, it's very easy to understand.
在C语言和一些我们这学期将要接触的编程语言中，你将会用到所谓的for循环，也许作为一种语法规则，它看起来不是那么的通俗易懂,但是你一旦知道曲中奥妙，就不难理解了。
-
itself and introduce Scratch, the programming language in an environment we looked at, but also some of the fundamentals that we'll lace throughout the course.
这周五我们就开始讲计算机科学，并在我们设定的环境下,介绍编程语言Scratch的用法，而且我们也会在课程中,捎带讲一些基础知识。
-
In C and most programming languages, if you need greater than or equal to, use greater than and then right next to it with no space put equal to, and that conjures up the same idea.
在C和大部分的编程语言中，如果你需要表示大于等于,在“>“号后边加上一个“=“,中间不要空格，那使我们联想到同样的想法。
-
And there is no programming language that is better well actually, that's not quite true, there are some better at doing certain kinds of things but there's nothing that you can do in C that you can't do in Fortran.
没有一种编程语言是更优秀的,当然实际上，这并不是完全对的，在做某些事儿时一些语言会更好用,但是没有事情是你能在C语言中做,而不能在Fortran中做的。
-
You do have mathematical operators in C and most every language.
在C语言还有一些其他,编程语言里有很多数学符号。
-
And so you get to build your own special purpose programming language that helped you solve your problems in biology or finance or whatever,
你读过的类型都可以,所以你就可以让编程语言按照你的,特殊用途去解决你的生物学,财务或者任何类型的问题，
-
More modern languages as we'll see toward the tail end of the semester are a little more generous with some of these details.
才有了我们今天看到的众多,形形色色，简洁大方的,编程语言。
-
A couple of really interesting consequences of that, by the way, one of them is, it says, anything you can do in one programming language you can do in another programming language.
一些真正有趣的后果是，顺便说一句，其中之一是，它说你在一种编程语言中,能做的事情,在另一种语言中也能做。
-
And today nobody advocates a programming language that does not support it in some sort of way.
今天没有人会推荐一种,不支持面向对象编程的语言。
-
Because, well, the programming language means everybody has access to those operations.
这个时候这没什么关系,因为编程语言内置也就意味着。
-
And this too is where the power of recursion comes in in a programming language.
这也是在编程语言中,对递归很有影响的一点。
-
Pseudo code. Now, you're all linguistic majors, pseudo means false, this sounds like code that ain't going to run, and that's not the intent of the term. When I say pseudo code, what I mean is, I'm going to write a description of the steps, but not in a particular programming language.
伪代码，基于你们都是学语言的，伪代码意味着不正确,这听起来就像是没法运行的代码,这可不是我们学这个的目的，当我说到伪代码的时候,我的意思是要对步骤进行一个描述,而不是某种特定的编程语言。
应用推荐