So in the case of boron here, what we're starting with is the ion, and now we're going to pull one more electron out.

那么在硼的情况下，我们应该从这个离子开始，现在我们要再拿走一个电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, if we want to think about what the first ionization energy is of boron, what you want to do is write out the electron configuration, because then you can think about where it is that the electron's coming out of.

如果我们要考虑,硼的第一电离能，你首先要做的是写出它的电子排布，因为在这之后,你才能知道拿走的是哪里的电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

He said there should be an element under boron.

他认为在，硼的下面也有个元素。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, we have beryllium in the first case here, it has four electrons, that's how we know it's beryllium, boron has five electrons.

那么我们将铍作为第一个例子，它有四个电子，这也是我们为什么能知道它是铍的原因，硼有五个电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

so it's important to note that it's not in b, now we're talking about b plus, because we've already taken an electron out here.

其中有一个非常重要的地方需要注意，不是硼，而是正一价硼离子，因为我们已经拿走了一个电子了。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And the glitch that doesn't make sense just through periodic trends, is that it turns out that the ionization energy of boron is actually less than the ionization energy up beryllium.

仅仅考虑周期性规律,是无法理解这个问题的，这里显示硼的电离能,实际上比铍的要小。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So again, we picture the same thing as we pictured with the boron there.

同样的，这里的图像,和硼的图像一样。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, let's think about kind of differentiating, however, between first ionization energy or just ionization energy, and other types such as second or third ionization energy, and let's take boron as an example here.

那么，让我们来区分一下第一电离能，也就是电离能与其他类型的电离能，比如第二，第三电离能，我们以硼为例。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And that's going to be equal to the negative the binding energy of 2 s in b, in neutral boron.

它应该等于中性硼原子中,2，s，电子的束缚能的负值。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

But unlike the case with boron where we had an empty p orbital, we're actually going to have an electron in the p orbital of carbon as well.

但和硼里面有个空的p轨道不同，我们实际上有一个电子,在碳里p轨道里也有电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, what we call this is the third ionization energy, or the negative of the binding energy, again of the 2 s orbital, but now it's in boron plus 2 to we're starting with.

那么我们称它为第三电离能，或者负的束缚能，还是，2，s，轨道的，但现在我们是从正二价硼离子开始的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, in the case of boron plus 1, what we are starting with is the ion, so we're starting with a 2 s electron, 2 s 1 and then we're going to 2 s 1 here.

在正一价硼中，我们面对的是这个离子，本来就应该从，2，s，电子开始，然后这里变成。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

The highest occupied orbital is now the 2 s orbital, 1 s 2 2 s 1 so we're going to end up with boron 2 plus 1 s 2, 2 s 1, plus the electron coming out of there.

现在最高的被占据轨道是，2，s，轨道，因此结果应该是正二价的硼，再加上一个出射的电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So let's think about the energy required now to remove a 2 s electron, let's say we're removing it from boron plus 1 versus neutral boron.

那么让我们来想一想,拿走一个，2，s，电子所消耗的能量，假设一个是从正一价硼离子中拿走1,另一个是从中性硼原子中拿走。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And what we say when we talk about the delta energy is I E 2 that this is going to be equal to i e 2, or the second ionization energy, or we could say the negative of the binding energy of a 2 s electron in b plus.

那么我们说,Δ，E，应该等于，或者说第二电离能，也就是正一价硼中，2，s，电子的,束缚能的负值。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选