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The virus is not killed so It's a live virus, which is actually going to infect your intestinal system and reproduce.
病毒没有被杀死,那么它就是活性病毒,也就意味着它将会,侵入你的肠道系统并且会繁殖
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That's one of the beauties of proteins as working molecules is that their structure can be changed by subtle means.
蛋白质作为一种生物活性分子,其优势之一是,能够通过精细的方法改变其结构
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And what it's used is to convert one type of group, what's called a carboxylic acid into another type of very reactive intermediate, which is called an acid chloride.
它被用来将一类被称作羧酸的化合物，转化成另外一类活性很高的反应中间体,也就是酰氯。
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We've talked about getting lucky, finding a naturally occurring attenuated live vaccine as in the case of smallpox.
我们谈到过,在天花病案中,我们发现自然弱化的活性疫苗,是多么的幸运
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There are still some active smallpox virus specimens kept in the world, and there are two sources of small--two places where smallpox is stored now.
世界上仍有地方保存着,一些具有活性的天花病毒样本,有两个地方还储存着天花病毒样本
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They tested those to see if they were still active, and they were.
他们检测这些病毒是否仍有活性,结果是肯定的
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But in terms of drugs that don't look like maybe this compound was used in the synthesis, many of them might have used thionyl chloride, because it generates such a nice reactive intermediate that you can go on and make a bunch of different compounds from that intermediate.
但是对于药物来说,它们可能跟合成过程中用到的这种化合物并不相像，很多药物的制造过程中都会用到亚硫酰氯，因为它能产生活性如此之高的反应中间体,以至于你可以继续利用反应中间体,来制造一堆不同类型的化合物。
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There are more steps that have to happen correctly in order for that insulin to become active.
还有几个步骤,必须正确完成这些步骤后,才能生成有活性的胰岛素
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Because that's the temperature at which many of the molecules in our bodies operate at their most efficient, and enzymes is the best example of that.
因为在正常体温下,体内许多分子活性最高,酶就是其中最好的例子
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If cells were actively proliferating, that is you had a population of cells that are actively proliferating, they would be going through continuous rounds of the cell cycle.
如果细胞处在活跃增殖状态,就是说有一定数量的,细胞具有增殖活性,它们就会连续地经历细胞周期的各个阶段
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It generates a kinase activity which leads to phosphorylation of the protein.
它产生了一种激酶活性,导致了受体蛋白的磷酸化
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There are more than 20 amino acids that make up the biological polymers called proteins, so there are 20 choices of each amino acid at a position on a protein.
而那些称为蛋白质的生物活性多聚体,是由二十种不同氨基酸所构成,因此每个蛋白质的,任意位点都有多达二十种氨基酸可供选择
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- So, for example, if he was talking about the group one metals, he noticed these were all very soft reactive metals, those were grouped together.
比如，他在讨论，I，族金属，注意到它们都是质地较软的活性金属，这些被归到一类。
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It's a gene that allows you to deliver a drug that's not active but the gene causes that active - that inactive drug to be converted into an active form that kills the cell.
这一方法利用该基因激活,另一种已经导入细胞的非活性药物,来杀死肿瘤细胞
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In this case, a receptor tyrosine kinase is a receptor molecule that binds a ligand at its surface outside the cell and initiates this enzyme activity - this kinase activity - and causes phosphorylation of another molecule.
在这个例子中,酪氨酸激酶受体可以,在细胞表面区域与配体结合,从而激发出,激酶的活性,使其能够磷酸化另一类分子
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Insulin, the ligand binds to its receptor, creates a change through a kinase activity that's exposed, which leads to other biochemical changes, which leads to a change in cell behavior - in this case the cell behavior is that more glucose transporters are brought to the membrane and more glucose can enter the cell.
胰岛素,一种能够与受体结合的配体,通过其暴露出的激酶活性引起的变化,导致了其它后续生化变化的发生,进而使细胞行为发生改变,这个例子中的细胞行为就是,更多的糖载体被带到细胞膜表面,这样更多的糖分子进入到细胞内部
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And then they found that they could freeze-dry this preparation of virus, and freeze-drying to lower the temperature, freeze it, then extract out all the water, so you're left with a powder, basically a powdered form of the virus, that could be shipped all over the world, and then reconstituted by adding water to it.
研究者们发现可以冷冻干燥这些病毒制剂,冷冻干燥就是就是降低温度,冷冻病毒,然后提取出所有水份,然后就剩下一些粉末,这主要是粉末状的病毒,这样就能将它运往全世界,并可以通过加水来恢复病毒的活性
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Hybridization simply means that DNA will re-nature and form a stable double helix only with its particular match, only with the hybrid that it is perfectly complementary, too.
核酸分子杂交表示,DNA在变性状态下可以恢复活性,和与其配对的单链形成稳定的双螺旋结构,只有在完全配对时才会发生这种情况
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