No, and there's several demonstrations at the time of Skinner suggesting that they don't.

答案是否定的，早在斯金纳的时代就已经有证据表明,动物无需强化与惩罚也能进行学习。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And you see this, going back to Socrates, there's a dialogue, the Gorgias, in which one of Socrates' friends, Callicles, tries to talk him out of philosophizing.

追溯到苏格拉底时代，就有这样一段对话，在《高尔吉亚篇》中，苏格拉底的一位朋友，卡里克利斯，试图说服苏格拉底放弃哲学思考。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选