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Now I want to contrast that with what we see from Nabokov in this essay, Good Readers and Good Writers.
现在我要把这和《好读者和好作者》这篇文章中,纳博科夫的观点做下比较。
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To give a text an Author is to impose a limit on that text, to furnish it with a final signified, to close the writing.
在创作的时候，作者会给文章加上个限制，他最后会给出一个象征意义来结束写作。
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Whatever danger a particular text may pose to the state is outweighed by the greater harm of the official elimination of that text or by the greater harm of the punishment of the author.
这个文章对政府产生的威胁远远比不上,官方对这篇文章的打压的危害,和作者的批判的危害。
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I guess it struck the author of that article that Redleaf is just a guy who was very curious about a lot of things.
我认为打动这篇文章作者的是,莱德利夫是一个,对很多事都抱有好奇心的人
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One or two cases, maybe just one actually, where I've got more than one article by the given author, I've given the title of the article as well.
一种或两种情况，也许实际只有一种，我不止找到该作者一篇文章，我也会给出文章的标题。
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And stimulus generalization is the topic of one of your articles in The Norton Reader, the one by Watson, John Watson, the famous behaviorist, who reported a bizarre experiment with a baby known as Little Albert.
刺激泛化是,《诺顿读本》中一篇文章的主题，作者为约翰·华生，著名的行为主义者，他记述了一项奇怪的实验,对象则是一名叫做小阿尔伯特的婴儿。
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Does he want to say that he's just an author function, that his textual field is a kind of set of structural operations within which one can discover an author?
他是不是想说他只是个功能性的作者，而他所写的文章只是一套,用于发现作者的结构上的应用程序？
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I want to quote from the beginning of Roland Barthes' essay, which I know I only suggested, but I'm simply going to quote the passage so you don't have to have read it, The Death of the Author.
我想引用罗兰，巴特文章开头的几句话，我只是推荐这篇文章，从中引用几句,所以你们不用事先读，这篇文章就是《作者之死》
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by Michel de Certeau, which makes this argument in sustained form. I recommend it to you.
作者是米歇尔德赛都，这篇文章有力地证明了这个论点，建议大家读一下。
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This is the framework in which the then most prominent intellectual in France writes an essay at the very peak of the student uprising, entitled "What is an Author?"
后来法国最杰出的知识分子,在学生起义时写过一篇名为“作者是什么？“的文章，其指导思想就是这个“
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That is Hirsch's other key position, and we can understand it by saying something like this: the meaning of a text is what the author intended it to mean -that is to say, what we can establish with a reliable paraphrase.
这就是赫施的另一个重要观点，我们可以这样理解它：,文章的意思是作者想要表达的,即我们通过适当的释意能够想到的。
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This much, by the way, Wimsatt has in common with Gadamer, because Gadamer doesn't talk much about authors either, and Gadamer is interested in what he calls meaning, the subject matter, die Sache. Right? He's not interested in your sort of expression of that meaning or my expression of that meaning.
顺便说一句，文萨特和葛达玛很大相同之处就在于，葛达玛也不太强调作者的作用，而是对文章的含义，主题感兴趣，不是吗？，他不关注作品在用,你的还是我的表达方式来表现内涵。
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You prove to your teacher that you understand the authors by being able to put their meaning in other words -in other words, to say the author is intending to say something, not just that the text says something and this is what it says, with your exam then being one long screed of quotation.
你们用自己的话写出文章的含义,以此向老师证明你们理解作者的意图,换句话说，要告诉老师作者想表达什么，而不仅仅是文本说的什么内容，然后在试卷上来一大段,冗长的引用。
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