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There was nature; now there is culture, which is very much like an event or birth in the older sense.
有了自然，然后就有了文明，这就像从前说的发展或者诞生。
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But because of those discoveries, we are now in a position to appreciate the monumental achievements of these early civilizations, these earliest civilizations.
由于那些考古发现，我们现在才能欣赏到,那些早期文明的不朽成就，最早的文明。
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That is to say for many, many, many people literary theory had something to do with the end of civilization as we know it.
这就是说对于很多很多人来说,文学理论与,我们所知道的文明的结束有些关联。
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The civilization of the West, however, was not the result of some inevitable process through which other cultures will automatically pass.
然而,西方文明的发展之路,并非经历了其他文明必经之途中,一些不可避免的发展过程
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They throw heraldry, they throw every kind of vestige of Old World culture and monarchy and aristocracy and civilization.
他们抛掉了世代相传的家徽,抛掉一切来自旧文明,和旧君主政体的痕迹,抛掉了贵族政治和文明
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And that brings me to my final point about our Hobbesian civilization that conceals from us a very uncomfortable truth.
接下来我要讲的,是霍布斯现代文明观的最后一个观点,它将把一个残酷的现实呈现在我们面前。
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There are all kinds of things that it might be very useful ; for you to know as an inhabitant of Western civilization; and the New Testament,you might find out, would rank kind of down on the list of those kinds of things.
作为西方文明的一分子,有很多有用的东西可以学;,而新约，你会发现，与这些东西相比，排名比较靠后。
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And musical notation is relied on more in Western music than any other musical civilization around the world.
而音乐记谱法在西方音乐中更受倚重,比在全世界其它音乐文明中地位更高
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In ancient culture people worried a great deal about being properly buried, so that's an interesting concept.
在古文明时期,人们很重视死后能否安然入葬,所以那是个很有意思的想法
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Something must have led him to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new civilizations and to boldly go where no man had gone before.
某种东西让他探索新的未知世界，探索新的文明,大胆地到没人去过的地方。
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This was a civilization that was not shut in on itself, but was in touch with the entire Mediterranean region.
迈锡尼文明不是一个封闭的文明,它与整个地中海地区都有着联系
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Nevertheless, our knowledge of the earliest stages of human civilization was quite limited for many centuries.
然而，几个世纪以来,我们对人类最早时期文明,的认知是很有限的。
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Cooked" brings "raw" into being in exactly the way culture brings nature into being.
熟食“使“生食“这个概念存在,正如文明使自然存在。
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The civility entails the virtues of peace, equity, fairness, playing by the rules.
文明意味着和平，公正，公平，遵纪守法的美德。
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In the last two centuries, both these most characteristic elements of Western civilization have in fact become increasingly under heavy attack.
近两个世纪以来,西方文明这些,最具代表性的因素实际上,正遭到越来越多的抨击
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So, that's what is meant by the term, Dark Ages, and that's what does follow the fall of the Mycenaean world.
那么,这就是这个术语的含义,黑暗时代,它紧随着,迈锡尼文明的陨落到来
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There's just no way to explain that except to say that catalog of ships goes back to the Mycenaean Period.
除非《船舶名录》来源于迈锡尼文明时期,否则这点就无法解释了
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Their autonomy was assisted by the continuing struggle between popes and Emperors, between church and state, again, a thoroughly unique Western experience.
他们的自治权是在君主和教皇的争斗中,国家与教堂的战争中促成的,这又是一次西方文明独特的经历
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So barring that, nonetheless, what we see reminds us very much of these ancient Bronze Age early civilizations.
尽管如此,我们所看到的遗迹依旧,和古代的青铜时期的早期文明非常相似
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And then, of course, there's lots of stuff that doesn't have anything to do with the Mycenaean period.
因此也有很多东西,和迈锡尼文明时期无关
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It'd be actually much more valuable for you to know how to ; right?--if you're getting along in Western civilization; or how to use computers,or sexual technique, or how to speak other languages.
懂得如何修车,对吗，如果你要融入西方文明;,还要懂得如何使用电脑，性技巧，说一门或多门外语。
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It is a Bronze Age culture, and it is the first civilization we know in the area.
这是一个青铜时代的文明,也是我们在此区域所知道的第一个文明
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In the years of the Mycenaean period, roughly from 1600 to 1100 or so B.C., you are dealing with a largely unified culture.
在大约公元前一千六百年,至公元前一千一百年,迈锡尼文明时期,你将看到一个高度统一的文化
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In other words, there is no nature unless you have culture to think it.
换言之，只有用文明来思考它，才有自然这个概念。
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Something less easy to say confidently, but probably clear, I think, is the whole legacy of Mycenaean culture is really lost, not fully though.
有些事想确切地说出来不容易,但可能已经比较明白了,我想,就是整个迈锡尼文明留下的遗产,确实遗失了,虽然并不是一点都没留下
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That such attacks on the greatest achievements of the west should be made by Western intellectuals is perfectly in keeping with the Western tradition.
这些对于西方灿烂文明的抨击,应该是来自西方学者们的,这与西方的传统相一致
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But in any case, what we find are a number of units in the Greek world.
但无论如何,我们在希腊文明遗迹找到许多小的单元
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