To say giving bad news to an enemy is reinforcing because it makes the enemy feel bad doesn't say anything different from giving bad news to an enemy feels good because we like to give bad news to an enemy.

由于使敌人感到不快,而认定向敌人散布坏消息是强化行为,这与因为我们想要敌人听到坏消息,而向心情良好的敌人散布坏消息,没什么区别。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选