-
This is what Tynjanov says: In formalist historiography, the prime significance of major social factors is not at all discarded.
提尼亚诺夫这样说：,在形式主义者编写历史时，并没有完全忽略主要社会力量的重要性。
-
It's in that context that most of the observations we encounter in Russian formalism need to be understood.
我们要从形式角度去理解,俄国的形式主义者。
-
Another illustration of the difficulty of translating all values, in this case, a certain idea of virtue, into utilitarian terms.
这个例子再次说明,很难把所有的价值，此处特指某种德行，转换为功利主义形式。
-
So here we have an example but I want to go back to the generality and to a bit of formalism.
这就是我们今天的案例了,我还是回头很形式主义地概括一下吧
-
They reject that formalism as an impediment to language's access to the real, and to our access to the real through language.
他们反对形式主义,将其视为语言与现实之间，和我们通过语言，和现实之间的阻碍。
-
Conservativism--deep organic forms of Conservativism is not antithetical to the Enlightenment, at least not entirely.
保守主义者是保守主义的有机形式,和启蒙运动并不对立,至少不完全是
-
It's a little hard to know what to do with this gazebo. Does it, in fact, represent the nationalist movement that culminated, or one form of which culminated, in the Easter Rebellion?
这个楼台还真的很难理解,难道它实际上代表了，以复活节起义告终的，民族主义运动，或者其，一种形式因之告终？
-
This is not a wasteland of thought by any means, and the Russian formalists are an important part of what's going on.
俄国并不是一座思想的废都，形式主义者是思想界很重要的一个部分。
-
The structural moment of concentration on the code for its own sake cannot be avoided, and literature necessarily breeds its own formalism.
集中在代码上的结构瞬间,因为它本身的原因不可避免，文学必要地导致了它自身的形式主义。
-
In other words, of course the academicians and the Symbolists were obsessed with imagery, but that's not to say that a Russian formalist can't deal with imagery.
也就是说，我们知道形式主义者们对图像非常着迷，但是这不代表俄国的形式主义者们不能善用图像。
-
By the way, if we begin by talking about poetic and practical language, we're beginning where the Russian formalists began.
谈到诗化语言和实用语言，我们就和俄国的形式主义者站到了同一个起点。
-
Iser We may or may not have the lecture on Iser, but on Tuesday we'll be getting into the varieties of formalism and first we'll take up the American New Criticism.
我们将来可能有一讲会详细介绍，但下周二我们讲各种形式主义,首先是美国新批评。
-
That is, I think, essentially the difference between what we have been talking about so far, even though there have been a variety of outlooks, and what we are talking about now.
我想这就是形式主义者,和伊瑟尔的不同了，尽管大家对于我们这堂课有很多展望，对于我们现在的学习也有很多期待。
-
Trotsky's Literature and Revolution is a brilliant book, an attack on many things and a defense of certain other things, but in particular and very painfully an attack on the formalists.
列夫，托洛斯基的文学与革命非常精彩，它攻击了许多当时的理论，同时也维护了一些，但是它特别猛烈地攻击了形式主义者。
-
It comes from personal experience that raises a question at least about whether all values can be translated without loss into utilitarian terms.
是亲身见闻所引起的疑问,是否所有的价值都可以完好无损地,转换为功利主义的形式。
-
Time's up. There is a little more to say, I think, and certainly the possible ways in which Russian formalism is subject to critique need quickly to be passed in review.
下课了，我还有一些话要说，俄国的形式主义,作为批评的对象飞快的被人们淡忘了。
-
The newness that the Russian formalists are interested in is not just any newness.
俄国形式主义者并不是对,所有的新奇都感兴趣。
-
That really is implicit in the Russian formalist viewpoint.
这其实才是俄国形式主义者们隐含的观点。
-
Those titles that Eikhenbaum keeps talking about -How Don Quixote was Made, How Gogol's Overcoat was Made- reflect the preoccupation of the Russian formalists with how literature is put together.
艾肯鲍姆总谈论,堂吉诃德，果戈理的外套是是怎么塑造的-,这反映了俄国形式主义者,对文本组合方式的执着。
-
But times have changed and they were embarrassed to give the true grounds for their objection and so they translated their arguments into utilitarian terms.
但时代不同了,她们羞于讲出反对的真实理由,就转换为功利主义形式表达反对。
-
It becomes, at certain moments in the evolution of forms according to the Russian formalists, the dominant.
根据俄国形式主义者们的说法,它只是在进化中变成了支配而已。
-
The formalists are uniquely concerned, however, with the way in which literature is put together.
形式主义者特别关注，文本是怎么被组合的。
-
So they are still engaged in the hermeneutic enterprise in interpretation The formalists are really relatively indifferent to questions of meaning and to questions of interpretation.
所以，他们感兴趣的仍然是解释学,但是形式主义者对,阐释和含义不感兴趣。
-
Notice the importance -and we'll come back to it-- of the word "dominant": "the dominant" in the thinking of the Russian formalists and the struggle for dominance among species in a habitat.
注意这个词的重要性,我们还会讲到，支配，这个词：,俄国形式主义者所说的支配,和物种间争夺栖息地的支配。
-
There you would really think the formalists are on thin ice.
你会发现形式主义者的论点在这里如履薄冰。
-
The first is obviously Marx against the backdrop of the first great Socialist Revolution which eventually resulted in the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, when the Russian formalist movement was at its height.
第一个当然是马克思,当时的巴黎公社运动,最终导致了俄国十月革命，这时俄国的形式主义运动正处于高潮。
-
The formalists don't want to keep that distinction for the reasons that I have been trying to develop.
就像我已经阐述过的一样,形式主义者不认同这种区别。
-
Like the Russian formalists--and in a way like the New Critics -talking about their "academic" colleagues, Saussure is vexed by the messiness and lack of system in the study of linguistics.
这一点和形式主义者，新批评论者,这些学院派的人们很相像，索绪尔对语言学的杂乱,和无章感到恼火。
-
But, you know, the formalists' own basic distinctions are dualistic, aren't they: the distinction between poetic and practical language, the distinction between plot and story, the distinction between rhythm and meter?
但是，形式主义所认为的区别却是双重标准的，诗歌语言和实用语言的区别，情节和故事的区别，节奏和韵律的区别？
-
The word "defamiliarization" we will encounter soon when we take up the Russian Formalists.
我们立马遇到了“陌生化“这个词,当我们开始读俄国形式主义者的作品时。
应用推荐