Eight features of literary modernism: An obsession with the idea of art's autonomy, the idea that art is its own law, that it responds to no other laws, that it has no other purpose than its own purposes.

第一，对艺术意志自由问题的困扰,对艺术是自身的法律，它不响应其他准则,它只有本身这唯一的目的，也就是说。

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选

At the same time, you might think his reticence, his reluctance to speak in his own voice may have also been a response to the fate of Socrates and politically endangered situation of philosophy.

同时，你也可以将他的缄默，与不发言的冷淡,可能也是,对苏格拉底的遭遇,及哲学在政治上危险处境的响应。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Every other book in this political science that has since been written, beginning with Aristotle's Politics and moving on to the present day is, in one way or another, an answer, a response to Plato's Republic.

这门政治科学,所用的其它现存读物，从亚里士多德的《政治学》,一直到今日的其它著作，多少都只是，对柏拉图的《理想国》回答或响应。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

There are certainly echoes of this reading of Aristotle as a teacher of participatory republican government in the later writings of democratic thinkers from Tocqueville to Hannah Arendt.

有不少声音响应,这种对亚里士多德的解读,将他视为是参与式共和政府的恩师,例如日后民主思想家,托克维尔及，Hannah，Arendt的著作。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选