So iron left to own devices in the atmosphere in the presence of a little bit of water, with the water form iron oxide.
铁在大气中,在存在,少量水的条件下,大气会开始与水结合产生氧化铁。
But the presence of the dog there is a conditioned stimulus and so you grew to be afraid of dogs.
而这时狗的存在就变成了条件刺激,所以你开始对狗心生恐惧。
One of the things that estrogen does when cells are exposed to estrogen is that certain genes get turned on that weren't turned on in the estrogen-free state.
雌激素的功能是,当细胞所处环境中有雌激素时,一些在雌激素不存在的条件下,无法表达基因就能够表达
Well, how about all the points in between?
两点之间还存在满足条件的点吗
Well, when Pavlov, for instance, started before conditioning there was simply an unconditioned stimulus, the food in the mouth, and an unconditioned response, saliva.
比如,在条件作用形成之前,只是简单的存在着无条件刺激,即食物,以及无条件反应,即唾液。
Mechanisms like habituation, classical conditioning and operant conditioning are real; they can be scientifically studied; and they play an important role in the lives of animals and probably an important role in human lives as well.
诸如习惯化,经典条件作用,操作性条件作用之类的机制,都是真实存在的;,这些机制都能得到科学的研究;,它们在动物的生活里起到了重要的作用,或许在我们人类的生活中,也同样起到了重要的作用。
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