You have merchants and traders who are handling the commerce on the trade routes and enjoying broader cultural contacts.
这里有商人和交易员,他们负责贸易商业,在通商道路上,并且进行广泛的文化交流。
I would just love to see a visualization of all commerce happening in the world right now.
我很乐意看到,世界上正在发生的贸易都在可视化。
There is a debate among rich countries and developing countries about trade-related intellectual property rights.
发达国家和发展中国家,在贸易知识产权上存在着纠纷。
Or what if the British begin to outdo us in the world trade department?
或者,"万一英国在贸易上压倒我们了怎么办"
So you have trade with the Mediterranean and most especially the eastern Mediterranean, because that's where the older, more sophisticated, more civilized cultures were and that's where wealth was too, compared to what was out in the west.
由此你知道了他们与地中海,特别是地中海东部地区有贸易往来,因为在那里有比西方更古老,更先进,更教化的文明,同时相比西方而言,那里也是富裕之地
India has to try to keep a balance to sort of...relationship and... some areas, there will be competition and few areas there will be conflict but there are many areas of shared interest sort of economic interest and trade between India and China has growing quite significantly.
印度必须竭尽全力维持,与两个国家关系的平衡。,有些领域会充满竞争,有些领域会出现冲突,但在大多数领域中印都有,共同的经济利益,中印贸易,也一直显著增长。
It grows dramatically because of this global trade in the seventeenth century.
它在十七世纪显著的成长,得益于全球贸易
Now, there were other localized slave societies, surely; certainly within Africa, to a certain degree even before Europeans arrived and certainly after Europeans arrived, particularly after the regularization of the Atlantic slave trade.
除此之外当然还有很多小区域奴隶社会,非洲当然有,甚至是原始欧洲,欧洲现代人到来后当然更多,特别是在,大西洋奴隶贸易合法化之后
Probably the best book written on this, particularly on the language of the domestic slave trade, is Walter Johnson's book called Soul by Soul, a book-- I highly recommend you read it sometime in your reading lives.
也许有一本书描写这点最生动,特别是在记述国内奴隶贸易的语言上,是沃尔特·约翰逊所著的,《灵魂的灵魂》这本书,我强烈建议在你的读书生涯中加进这本书
We forget about the enormous trading vitality of Asia, even sea vitality and land vitality at the same time, but they are without any question by this point-- with the decline of the Spanish empire, which begins before this course-- the Dutch and the English.
我们先不考虑亚洲大量的贸易活动,包括同时的陆上和海上贸易,在十七世纪之前,随着西班牙帝国的衰退,欧洲最大的贸易实体,毫无疑问是荷兰和英国
In the city-states of Venice, which was a major trading city already on the decline, and in Florence, and in Milan, and in Turin, and in places like that you find something very comparable, but Italy is not united until the 1860s.
在威尼斯城邦,这个曾以贸易为主的城市已经走向衰落,而佛罗伦萨,米兰,都灵,类似的这些城市情况都是如此,除了十九世纪六十年代才统一的意大利
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