We laugh when there is incongruity between what we expect and what we actually--what actually happens unless the outcome is frightening."

当我们的期望和现实发生的事实,之间出现不一致时，我们就会笑,除非这种不一致引起恐惧”

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

The only important thing to realize about that is that these differences start to occur very early in development.

唯一需要引起重视的是,这些差异发生在,发育阶段的早期

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There's a local change in the membrane, that local change involves opening of channels that allow ions to pass through regions where they couldn't pass through before, that results in a change in voltage.

膜上会发生局部变化,局部变化包括离子通道开启,使离子通过,先前不能通过的区域,从而引起电压的变化

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Insulin, the ligand binds to its receptor, creates a change through a kinase activity that's exposed, which leads to other biochemical changes, which leads to a change in cell behavior - in this case the cell behavior is that more glucose transporters are brought to the membrane and more glucose can enter the cell.

胰岛素,一种能够与受体结合的配体,通过其暴露出的激酶活性引起的变化,导致了其它后续生化变化的发生,进而使细胞行为发生改变,这个例子中的细胞行为就是,更多的糖载体被带到细胞膜表面,这样更多的糖分子进入到细胞内部

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选