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This is what Tynjanov says: In formalist historiography, the prime significance of major social factors is not at all discarded.
提尼亚诺夫这样说：,在形式主义者编写历史时，并没有完全忽略主要社会力量的重要性。
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I'll say again, somewhat in advance perhaps of the time I should say it, that Gadamer thinks that there's something immoral about historicism.
我会再讲一遍，现在说可能有点早，伽达默尔认为历史主义有些不道德。
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now, this is a remarkable leap, even beyond the humanism of the greeks, something brand new in the world.
这是一个历史性的飞跃,甚至超越了古希腊的人道主义,当时,这是一种先锋思想
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The Independents resented the new authoritarianism of the Presbyterians, a relatively new phenomenon on the English cultural landscape.
无党派对长老派的独裁主义非常憎恨，一个相对新的在英国历史现象。
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And from a behaviorist point of view this is because of the associative history of these things.
在行为主义者看来,这是在这些事物之间的联结历史造成的。
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Yeats saw history in symbolic and mystical terms.
他以象征主义和神秘主义看历史。
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Gadamer believes that historicism forgets the possibility of being taught something by past-ness or otherness.
伽达默尔认为历史主义忘记了,我们会从过去性和他性中学到一些东西的可能性。
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In other words, Iser is no more an historicist than Gadamer is but insists rather on the mutual exchange of prejudice between the two horizons in question.
换句话说就是，伊瑟尔并不比葛达玛更历史主义,但他相反却坚持在两个有争执的视域中,偏见的互换。
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In a way, this call for that which is new is worldwide; at the same time you have Ezra Pound among the high Modernists in the West saying, "Make it new," as his slogan.
这在一定程度上引起了全球追求新奇的热潮;,在同一历史时期我们还能看到,西方后现代主义诗人埃兹拉·庞德将，让事物新奇起来，是他的口号。
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Gadamer says, and here again he's attacking historicism: The text that is understood historically is forced to abandon its claim that it is uttering something true.
伽达默尔在攻击历史相对主义时这样说道：,文本如果放在历史的角度理解,那么这样的理解肯定不是绝对正确的。
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In other words, only if we really are sure that the historicist act of reading is effective and works, if I know the meaning of a text. Well, fine.
换言之，要是我们确定,阅读这个历史主义行为是有效的，有用的，如果我知道文本的意思，那么，很好。
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In the meantime, Gadamer is objecting to this because he says, you simply can't do this.
同时，伽达默尔反对历史主义因为他说，人们做不到。
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I think the sort of skepticism I mean arises from what one might call and what often is called modernity not to be confused with Modernism, an early twentieth-century phenomenon, but the history of modern thought as it usually derives from the generation of Descartes, Shakespeare, and Cervantes.
我所说的怀疑主义,产生于我们通常说的现代性,不要与20世纪早期的，现代主义搞混了，现代性是现代思想的历史,始于笛卡尔，莎士比亚和塞万提斯一代。
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Now that's a tricky word for us because later in the semester we're going to be reading about something called the New Historicism, and the New Historicism actually has nothing to do with what Gadamer is ; objecting to in this form of historicism; so we will return to the New Historicism in that context.
这个词对我们来说比较具有迷惑性,因为这学期我们还会读到,新历史主义，新历史主义,与伽达默尔所反对的历史主义,没有任何关系;,那个时候我们再来讨论新历史主义。
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