So a hundred years really before the invention of Game Theory, someone had figured out this answer for this game.

一百多年前博弈论还没有诞生呢,那时就有人解除了这个博弈的答案

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

This being a Game Theory class, there's at least one game we have to discuss and we've come to it now.

既然这门课叫博弈论,我们就得学习一下接下来要讲的模型

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Economics and Game Theory are now essential tools for understanding human thought and human behavior— those issues connecting to philosophy, computer science, anthropology, literature, theology, and many, many other domains.

经济学和博弈论如今已经成为了,理解人类思维和人类行为的重要方法,这些问题涉及哲学,计算机科学,人类学,文学,神学,以及许多其他的科学领域

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

So we're going to be doing political science or political science as it meets Game Theory for the rest of the day.

我们将在今天接下来的时间学习政治科学,亦即是政治和博弈论的结合

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So for those of you--for the half of you -that are going to end up in law school, this is pretty good training.

我估计你们多数人可能会去读法学院,博弈论对你们来说是门不错的基础课

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

However, once we know what your payoffs are, once we know what your goals are, perhaps Game Theory can you help you get there.

然而一旦你知道了个人的收益,一旦你确立了目标,博弈论能帮助你达成目标

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So there's a little worry going in about not just this example but about the course, about the whole theme of learning Game Theory.

所以不仅担心这个例子,也会担心这个课程,担心博弈论整个理论

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Now there's another way of organizing this that's standard in Game Theory, so we may as well get used to it now on the first day.

下面再用博弈论的标准方式来整理信息,从今天以后大家要习惯用这种标准

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So what I want to do is get on to where this applies.

下面我们讲讲博弈论适用于什么领域

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Game Theory is also used in biology and towards the middle of the semester we're actually going to see some examples of Game Theory as applied to evolution.

博弈论同样适用于生物学,在本学期期中的时候,我们会探讨一下,博弈论应用于生物进化论的案例

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Well, as an exercise in game theory, that really wasn't very hard.

作为博弈论的一个练习,这个确实不难

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

And I don't think Game Theory is going to contribute to anything to understanding about leadership.

我也不认为博弈论能够帮助大家,加深对领导力的理解

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Now, a lot of today is going to be fairly abstract, so I just want to remind you that Game Theory has some real world relevance.

今天所讲的很多内容会很抽象,但我想要提醒大家,博弈论与现实世界是紧密联系的

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

We've used a bit of Game Theory to analyze it.

我们使用博弈论的理论来分析一下

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Game Theory is very important in law these days.

近年来博弈论在法学上也举足轻重

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Game Theory is a method of studying strategic situations.

博弈论研究策略形势

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

And not surprisingly, Game Theory applies to sport.

而且毫不奇怪,博弈论适用于体育

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So, so far what we've done is we've looked at this sort of classic, I admit not the most exciting game in the world, but classic application of Game Theory to imperfect competition.

到现在为止我们只学了经典案例,我承认这不是什么有趣的博弈,只是博弈论在不完全竞争市场的应用

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So both players having taken this class.

这两名参与人都学过博弈论

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

It's a pre-req for the class, right?

这写可都是博弈论的先行课啊

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So this is Game Theory Economics 159.

欢迎来到经济学159 博弈论

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

That's not what Game Theory is about.

这不是博弈论能解决的

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So what is Game Theory?

什么是博弈论

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Now one reason it's a fun class, is the nice thing about teaching Game Theory quieten down folks- one thing about teaching Game Theory is, you get to play games, and that's exactly what we've just been doing now.

为什么这门课很有趣,因为学习博弈论,大家安静一下,在课堂上我们通过一些游戏来学习博弈,我们不刚做完一个游戏吗

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Now let's just say something now, which I'll probably forget to say in any other moment of the class, but today it's relevant. Game Theory, me, professors at Yale, cannot tell you what your payoff should be.

这里我们要解释一下,我差点就忘记说了,博弈论,还有我 耶鲁大学教授,无法说出你的收益应该是什么样的

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So those of you who haven't, don't worry, I mean this will be a bit review, but we'll see it more through the eyes of Game Theory this time, and for those of you who haven't, don't worry we're going to go through it.

如果你没学过,也不必担心,我们一起来快速回顾一下吧,但这次我们用博弈论的角度去分析,那些之前没有学过的同学,别担心,现在我们一起来看一遍

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Because at the end of the day, if game theory is going to be useful for you in your later lives, whether it's in dating or in running a company or whatever it happens to be, you need to able to go from the story to the model.

因为到最后,如果你们在以后想要运用博弈论,不论是用在约会上还是在运作一家公司上,或者其他的什么情况,你需要从具体情况中提炼模型

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Okay, so if we had stopped the class after the first week where all we learned to do was to delete dominated strategies, we'd be stuck, we'd have nothing to say about this game and as I said before, this is the most important game, so that would be bad news for Game Theory.

好了,如果我们只学了第一周的内容,即如果我们只学到了剔除劣势策略的话,我们没招了,我们无法解释这个博弈,但我之前说了,这是个很重要的博弈,这对博弈论来说可不是个好消息

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选