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If our estimates are off then the hypothesis makes no sense, so maybe there's no relationship between dietary fat and breast cancer.
如果评估是无关联的,那这个假说也就没有意义,那么在膳食脂肪和乳腺癌之间,也许没有任何关系
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It's an hypothesis about something, the exact nature of which one needn't necessarily have in view.
它是关于某种事物的假说，由于人们思想的局限性。
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in my description of what it meant to have the Efficient Market Hypothesis.
之前我描述有效率市场假说的时候,对你们说了些假话。
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Freud had some strong claims about sexuality, for why some people are straight and others are gay.
弗洛伊德提出了一些偏激的关于性的假说，这些假说解释了异性恋和同性恋的成因。
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In many ways he is advancing a philosophic postulate of great scope and power, although the full development of the thesis is only left deeply embedded.
从很多方面看来,他是在向一种宏观视野,与权力的哲学式假说迈进，虽然这个论点并未发展完全,只是深植在他的想法中。
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We did a little study once in our group testing the following hypothesis.
我们小组曾做了个研究,想要检验下述假说
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And my purpose will be not to say something as a postulate, but to show you where everything comes from, and it's best for you if you try to follow the logic.
我的目的不是,简单地告诉你们一个假说,而是给你们讲清楚这个理论的来龙去脉,如果你们能理解推导过程那就再好不过
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Efficient markets" is a theory about-- well it came in about three decades ago, maybe it's closer to four decades ago-- it's a theory that financial markets work very well and incorporate information very well.
有效市场是...,大约三十年前,甚至四十年前,有人提出了这一假说,他认为金融市场运行良好,而且信息披露全透明
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Now we need to think about a model of the stock market And the model we're going to use is based on what's called the Efficient Market Hypothesis.
现在需要想一想一个股市的模型是怎样的,我们要用的模型是,基于有效率市场假说的。
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This should be contrasted with nonscientific programs and the best example of a nonscientific program is astrology.
这点与非科学假说正好相反,非科学假说最好的例子便是占星术了。
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And you could ask yourself the-- about the extent of that segregation and how that reflects--what role that should play with regard to the Contact Hypothesis.
你们可以思考一下-,这种隔离的程度,以及它在接触假说中,起了什么作用。
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That seems to be one way of making sense of the city/soul hypothesis, but again it doesn't seem to answer the question ? in what way are cities and individuals alike.
那似乎是,解释城灵假说的一种方式，但似乎仍未回答基本的问题,城市与个人间到底有何相似之处。
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More generally, Chomsky suggests that the law of effect when applied to humans is either trivially true, trivially or uninterestingly true, or scientifically robust and obviously false.
更一般的来讲，乔姆斯基认为应用在人类身上的效果律,要么是无效且毫无意义的正确假说，要么就是稳定且明显的错误假说。
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And there's been no good evidence supporting that.
但并不存在能够支持这一假说的有力证据。
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For one thing, it's a profoundly unscientific doctrine.
一方面,它是种非常不科学的假说
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One way of thinking about the metaphor of city and soul together is to think of it as a particular kind of causal hypothesis, about the formation of both individual character and political institutions.
思考城市与灵魂结合的方法,是将其想象成,是一种特别类型的,因果假说，关于形塑,个人性格与政治制度。
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Now, dualism is a very different doctrine.
二元论则是一种截然不同的假说
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But the hypothesis was based on this association more or less, that looked at the rates of breast cancer across different countries and how much dietary fat those countries consumed and so you get a nice little scatter plot.
但以上假说,多少也基于一些合作研究,看看乳腺癌在不同国家,的发病率,那些国家在饮食中摄入了多少脂肪,然后就会得到一个不错的散点图
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It's a doctrine that can be found in every religion and in most philosophical systems throughout history.
你能够在有史以来的所有宗教,和绝大多数哲学体系中找到这个假说
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Often 90% of the game is discovering a clever method through which to test your hypotheses.
研究中90%的内容通常都是在寻找,一种能够检验假说的精巧方法
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And, in particular, I want to lead off the class with an idea that the Nobel Prize winning biologist, Francis Crick, described as "The Astonishing Hypothesis."
我想先提到一种观点,这种观点的提出者是位诺贝尔奖得主,生物学家,弗兰西斯·克里克,他将这种观点称为"惊人的假说"
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More generally, there's what's been called "The Contact Hypothesis."
另一个更为人熟知的理论被称为,”接触假说“
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And The Astonishing Hypothesis is summarized like this.
这一惊人的假说大致观点如下
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Now, are they true or are they false?
这些假说究竟是对还是错呢？
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As he writes, The Astonishing Hypothesis is that: You, your joys and your sorrows, your memories and your ambitions, your sense of personal identity and free will are in fact no more than the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells and their associated molecules.
正如他在其著作《惊人的假说》中写到,你,你的喜悦,悲伤,回忆,抱负,你对人格同一性的感知,你的自由意志,事实上,这一切都不过,是大量神经细胞集,与其缔合分子的生理反应而已
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