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I can then subsequently lose an electron from the lithium ion. Lithium ion loses an electron to become lithium 2plus.
然后我能在锂离子中，失去一个电子,锂离子失去一个电子,变为二价锂离子。
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And, likewise, if we look at fluorine in its diatomic molecule, it is 160 kilojoules per mole.
一样的，如果我们观察二价的氟，它是每摩尔160焦。
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So in terms of total numbers that we would need to complete our octets and fill our valence shells, we would need 18 electrons.
因此要填满我们的“八隅体“,排满所有的价壳层，我们总共需要十八个电子。
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Each page a victory, at whose expense the victory ball?
汗青页页,尽书胜主,成败之价,谁人乘沽
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So we could think about comparing the potassium ion to a sodium ion. They have the same charge of plus one.
我们可以想象比较一下钾离子,与钠离子，它们都同样带有正一价的电荷。
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The reason is because we already have a full valence shell for our hydrogen, it doesn't want any more electrons.
原因是因为我们的氢,已经有一个排满的价壳层了，它不再需要多余的电子了。
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And you would expect that that would be a much stabler compound because, instead of plus one attracting plus one, now you have plus two attracting minus two.
可以预见,这将会是更稳定的化合物，因为不再是一价正离子吸引一价负离子，而是二价正离子吸引二价负离子。
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So chlorine, if we talk about it in terms of electron affinity, we would be writing that we're actually gaining an electron here, and getting the ion, c l minus.
那么，氯，如果我们要讨论它的电子亲和能，我们会假设它真的得到了,一个电子而变成离子，负一价的氯。
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So a plus two ion means that we're removing two electrons from the atom and the electrons that we're going to remove are always going to be the highest energy electrons.
一个2价正离子,我们要移除的两个电子,我们要移除的两个电子,将会是,最高能量的电子。
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Clearly, if I did nothing more, but I took every car, doubled its fuel economy, its emissions would go to 50% of what they are now, no other changes being made.
显然，如果我什么也不做，但是我把没量车的汽油价加倍，汽车废气排放量就会是现在的一半了，别的不会有什么改变。
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They want to issue them "Out of the money" and then announce the news that brings them "In the money."
他们想发行价外期权,然后发布利好消息,使其变成价内期权
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It's 109 . 5 is what we would expect for methane because it's tetravalent, but here we're just seeing something that's divalent, and they're both in p orbitals that are perpendicular to each other.
因为甲烷是四价的，我们预测是109。,但这里我们，看到的是二价的，它们都在。
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Whereas for fluorine, fluorine is smaller than f minus is the one that's the outer shell shown here.
而对于氟来说，氟原子更小,与外部壳层在这的负一价氟离子相比。
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So, in other words, this c l minus is actually lower in energy than the reactants were.
也就是说，负一价氯离子,比原来的反应物的能量更低。
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- Then also, nitrogen, 3 minus -- these are all going to be isoelectronic with neon.
然后还有，氮，负三价-,这些都是与氖原子等电子的。
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If you want to understand whether compounds form or not look only at the valence shell.
如果你想理解化合物是否形成,而不仅仅只是看看价层。
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Our current portfolio has 11% allocated to domestic equities, 15% to foreign equities,and 4% to bonds, so traditional marketable securities account for 30% of assets.
我们当前的投资组合中11%是国内股,15%是国外股,4%是债券,所以传统有价证券占总资产的30%
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So here we're talking about v plus 1, so if we were to write it just for the neutral electron itself, we would find that the electron configuration is argon, that's the filled shell in front of it.
这里我们要分析的是正一价的钒离子，因此，我们先写出中性原子的电子排布，可以发现，其原子实是氩原子的电子排布，这些壳层已经被占满了。
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How many electrons do we need to have full valence shells?
要把价层排满需要多少个电子？
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The median price of a home today is just over $200,000 in the U.S.
目前美国一处住宅的中间价,就是20万美元多一点
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So the correct answer for titanium plus two Ar3d2 is going to be argon 3 d 2, whereas if we did not rearrange our order here 4s2 we might have been tempted to write as 4 s 2 so keep that in mind when you're doing the positive ions of corresponding atoms.
所以正2价钛离子,的正确答案是，然而如果我们不重新安排顺序,我们可能会写出2,所以请记住,它当你们在解关于原子,的正离子的时候。
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Because it is not the valence shell. Forget about it.
因为它不是价层电子，所以忘记它吧。
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And he's stripped off all of the non-valence electrons.
他忽略了所有非价层电子。
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Step three in our Lewis structure rules is to figure out how many electrons we would need in order for every single atom in our molecule to have a full valence shell.
路易斯结构规则的第三步是,找出让分子中每个原子的价壳层,都排满应该需要多少个价电子。
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So why don't you tell me what the valence bond description would be of these carbon hydrogen bonds?
你们来告诉我,碳氢键的价,电子是怎样的？
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So, that also tells us that the n minus ion is less stable than the neutral atom itself.
而且，这还告诉我们,负一价的氮离子不如中性氮原子稳定。
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So, if we took the case of nitrogen, if we add an electron to nitrogen and go to n minus, we find that the change in energy is 7 kilojoules per mole.
如果我们以氮为例，如果我们给氮增加个电子令它变成-1价的氮，我们会发现能量的变化是，7，千焦每摩尔。
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So to figure out bonding electrons, -- what we take is that number 18, which is our total number of electrons we need to fill valence shells, and we subtract it from our number of valence electrons, which is 10.
那么为了找出成键电子，我们将十八，也就是填满所有价壳层,所需要电子的总个数，减去我们所有的价电子的个数，也就是十。
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