And the Aristotelian view held for a long time, but eventually it started to crumble in the light of more data.
而亚里士多德的观点在很长时间里得到了认同,但最终还是崩溃了,在越来越多的数据面前。
Aristotle is considered the "father of criticism," and yet he is also what Foucault would call a "founder of discursivity."
亚里士多德被认为是批判学之父“,但他是福柯承认的话语学奠基人“
He is getting us out of that Aristotelian rut and moving us back to something that makes more sense.
他将我们从亚里士多德的规律,并将我们带回到,更有道理的规律。
Alexander, of course, had been educated by Aristotle, when he was young, and so he had adopted Greek language and Greek literature and a lot of other Greek ways.
亚历山大本人幼年时,师承亚里士多德,所以他使用希腊语,熟悉希腊文学,以及各类希腊文化。
Above all, Aristotle's works, like the Politics and the Nicomachean Ethics, were explicitly intended as works of political instruction, political education.
尤其是亚里士多德的大作,像是《政治学》和《尼各马科伦理学》,更是表明要作为,政治教学,政治教育的著作。
But Aristotle used to think that if you want something to move, there has to be some agency making it move.
但亚里士多德认为,如果要让物体运动,那就必须有某种作用让它运动
Pity" and "terror," these become crucial terms, the terms that Aristotle, in his Poetics, used to define tragedy.
遗憾或恐惧“,这是很关键的词,亚里士多德在《诗学》中用它,定义悲剧。
Well, Aristotle and Plato,both sort of theoreticians of the polis each had an idea what's the right size for the perfect polis.
亚里士多德和柏拉图,这两位精于城邦理论的理论家对此各执己见
In particular, Hobbes faults the universities for teaching what, for teaching the radical doctrines of Aristotleanism in the seventeenth century.
他尤其认为大学错在,在17世纪这样的时代,教授学生以激进的,亚里士多德式的教条主义。
Why does Aristotle say, as Brooks quotes him, that a plot should have a certain magnitude?
为什么亚里士多德会说,“剧情尤为重要“呢?
This is what distinguishes Aristotle from Machiavelli and all those later thinkers who take their bearings from Machiavelli.
这就是亚里士多德,与马奇亚维利的差别,还有那些稍后,以马奇亚维利为其主轴核心的思想家。
Yet Aristotle's conception of our political nature seems to require standards of justice that are natural or right for us.
但亚里士多德对我们政治天性的概念,似乎需要正义的标准,且那对我们是自然或正确的法治预设。
The centrality Aristotle ascribes to politics forces us to consider another question ? namely what is the purpose of this study?
亚里士多德加到政治中的,中心论点迫使我们考虑另一个问题,即这门研究的目的为何?
A society based simply on the mutual calculation of interests could not be a real political society for Aristotle.
一个建构在双方相互算计利益的社会,对亚里士多德而言,并不是一个真正的政治社会。
That is to say not even the best city on Aristotle's account can afford to be without a foreign policy.
这也就说明,就算是亚里士多德笔中的最佳之城,也承受不起没有外交政策的后果。
But, to some degree, this captures some of the way in which Aristotle has been perceived over the centuries.
但在某种程度上,这捕捉了一些,几个世纪以来,人们对亚里士多德的观感。
That leads me to the larger question you might say which is posed throughout Aristotle's work as a whole.
而这也带入一个较大的问题,且是贯穿亚里士多德,整部作品的精神。
The polity is the regime that represents for Aristotle a mixture of the principles of oligarchy and democracy.
政体对亚里士多德而言,即是代表,寡头与民主原则混合的政权。
And, Aristotle gave us this system, which persisted almost through the Middle Ages. And, Aristotle gave us this, and I'll leave you with this.
他带给我们这个系统,一直统领着我们,直到中世纪,亚里士多德给了我们这个,你们自己看吧。
We can begin to see it is clear how Aristotle's best regime differs from Plato's intransigent demand for the rule of philosopher-kings.
我们可以开始清楚地发现,亚里士多德的最佳政体,如何有别于柏拉图,对哲学家国王统治的不妥协要求。
Sociologically unlike the philosopher is a person of some inherited wealth chiefly landed property but whose way of life will be urban.
亚里士多德清楚地指明,不像哲学家,前者继承了一定程度的财富,主要是地产,但其生活模式。
Only a small city, small enough to be governed by relations of trust, can be political, in Aristotle's sense of the term.
仅有一座小城,小到能由信任的关系来管治,才能称作是政治社会,这是以亚里士多德的标准看来。
The polis, as Aristotle as well as Plato clearly understand, is a small society, what could be called today a closed society.
如亚里士多德及柏拉图清楚明白,是一个小型的社会,即今日所称的封闭社会。
Aristotle understands the mixed constitution as a balance of classes--the one the few and the many.
不同于我们的宪法,亚里士多德了解混合宪法是阶级的平衡,即一人,少数人及多数人。
Aristotle appears from the beginning to look more like what we would think of as a political scientist.
亚里士多德,从一开始就更像是我们会认为的,政治科学家。
Aristotle's Poetics we know actually not to have been one of the texts written by Aristotle but rather to be a compendium of lecture notes put together by his students.
亚里士多德的诗学其实,并不是由他本人写成的,而是有他的弟子编纂的。
Aristotle proposes--how does he propose to do this? He proposes a couple of remedies to offset the potentially warlike struggle between various factions.
亚里士多德对此提出了何种建议,他提出几种补救方法,来平衡派系间,可能导致战争的潜在斗争。
This issue received a kind of classic formulation in Aristotle's distinction of what he called the good human being and the good citizen.
这个议题接纳了一种经典的公式,即亚里士多德界定,何谓好人与好公民。
If this is true, Aristotle's Politics seems to stand condemned as the most antidemocratic book ever written.
如果这是真的,亚里士多德的《政治学》看似应受谴责,因它将是有史以来最反民主的著作。
a little of that here with you today, to go over what Aristotle is suggesting in this idea of man, the polis animal.
我只能示范一些给你们看,要如何阅读亚里士多德所提示的概念,即人是城邦的动物。
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