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In English it begins with the late novels of Henry James around 1900, in poetry with Eliot and with Ezra Pound.
在英国现代主义萌芽于1900年左右，体现在亨利·詹姆斯,的后期小说，艾略特和艾兹拉·庞德的诗歌上。
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And speaking in turn to the arden secularists to say religion should have no part in the White House.
再说到艺术世俗主义者,他们说白宫不应该涉及宗教。
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Now, in writing in these genres, Milton is, of course, confronted with a dilemma. He's a humanist scholar.
当然，弥尔顿用这种风格来写，就会面临一种窘境，他是一位人文主义学者。
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This is not a wasteland of thought by any means, and the Russian formalists are an important part of what's going on.
俄国并不是一座思想的废都，形式主义者是思想界很重要的一个部分。
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The other way it shares an ambition of modernism is precisely in that effort to communicate experience, consciousness.
它与现代主义追求的另一个共同点,正体现在经验和意识的交流上。
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There was in the late 1860s a revival of republican and socialist organization, and of anarchist disorganization, if you will.
在十九世纪六十年代晚期,共和主义及社会主义组织,还有无政府主义组织有所复兴,如果你们愿意这么认为的话
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We're going to explore in the days and weeks to come the contrast between consequentialist and categorical moral principles.
我们将用以后的几天到几周时间来探讨,后果主义与绝对主义道德原则的差别。
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Why do we have the Renaissance, the baroque period the classical period, the romantic period and so on?
为什么我们会有文艺复兴时期,巴洛克时期,古典主义时期,浪漫主义时期
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And in between the optimists on the one hand and the pessimists on the other, you've got moderates who say, " "It varies.
而在乐观主义者,与悲观主义者之间，还有折中主义者认为，“这要看情况。
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But it was also what we call shareholder activism or investor activism -that he was getting involved in changing the way corporations do business.
但是它同时也被人们称作,股东行动主义,或投资者行动主义,也就是他参与进来,去改变公司经营的方式
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People exposed to death primes become more nationalistic, more patriotic, less forgiving of other people, less liking of other races and people from other countries.
处于死亡意念促发下的个体,会具有更强烈的民族主义和爱国主义倾向，较少原谅他人，对于来自其他国家的其他种族,或人民不那么友好。
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There is a return to these kinds of theoretical defences of absolutism that even preceded the growth of the absolute state as I've described it.
有一点需注意,对于绝对主义的理论辩护,甚至早于绝对主义国家的兴起,之前我已经描述过这个过程
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Conservativism--deep organic forms of Conservativism is not antithetical to the Enlightenment, at least not entirely.
保守主义者是保守主义的有机形式,和启蒙运动并不对立,至少不完全是
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For many today, Hobbes' conception of the Leviathan state is synonymous with anti-liberal absolutism.
对今天许多的学者而言,霍布斯在《利维坦》中的政治主张,就是反自由主义之专制主义的代名词。
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And we'll talk about and discuss the importance of idealism and maintaining idealism if we are to introduce personal change, inter-personal change, or community or society change.
我们会谈到和讨论理想主义和保持理想主义的重要性,如果我们要介绍个人的改变，个人之间的改变，或群体与社会的改变的话。
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So the link of the conflict will play a stronger role in making the humanitarian issues more important.
因而冲突的纽带将会发挥更大的作用,使得人道主义问题更加重要。
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And this belief that's called Calvinist predestination is really at the heart of mainstream English Puritanism at this point.
这种叫做加尔文宿命论的观点,与主流英国清教主义相一致。
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So, now, here's just a list for you: eight features of literary modernism that are all important to Nabokov.
现在我给大家一张列表,上面列举了八项对纳博科夫非常重要的文学现代主义的特征。
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There is a social analysis that he begins to be able to advance partly due to his reading in Marxism, in sociology.
有种观点说是理查,受到马克思主义的社会学的影响开始进步。
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They weren't all socialists; as I said, some were anarchists, some were moderate republicans, but they were who were left.
就像我说的,他们并非都是社会主义者,有些是无政府主义者,有些是温和派共和党,他们都是留守的人员
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But,there also are these strong traditions of popular Royalism, of ordinary people and peasants who believe fervently in the monarchy.
但仍有很多人信仰君主主义,普通人和农民们热衷于君主主义
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We use the adjective "Newtonian" but we don't speak of certain writers who are still interested in quantum mechanics as "Newtonian writers."
虽然我们用牛顿主义者这个词“,但是我们不会把那些,对量子力学有兴趣的人称作牛顿主义作家“
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So even though he's very closely connected to the legacy of avant-garde modernism, he's also connected to a social realist strain, the naturalist strain.
虽然怀特,与前卫现代主义的传承，有千丝万缕的关联，但他仍具有现实主义。
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They agree to be junior partners of absolute rule and they weren't the only ones.
贵族们同意支持绝对主义以分得利益,但他们也不是绝对主义唯一的支持者
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So we contrasted consequentialist moral principles with categorical ones.
从而对比了后果主义与绝对主义道德原则之间的差别。
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Whether and to what extent the Russian formalists and their allies, the Futurists--among them Mayakovsky and others felt a kind of antagonism or growing threat from the government is not wholly clear to me.
俄国的形式主义者和他们的同盟，未来主义者，比如玛雅可夫斯基,或多或少的感觉到了来自政府的敌意,这一点我并不十分清楚。
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A second aspect of behaviorism was anti-mentalism.
行为主义的第二个观点,是反心理主义。
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Here's how to-- Just like we can explain in materialist, physicalist terms how to get desires and beliefs and the behavioral stuff down, here's how to get the feeling, qualitative aspect of things down, too."
然后,如何如何,正如我们可以从唯物主义,物理主义的角度解释如何得到欲望,信念,以及行为层面的东西,我们也可以解释如何得到感觉,定性方面的感觉
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I think the sort of skepticism I mean arises from what one might call and what often is called modernity not to be confused with Modernism, an early twentieth-century phenomenon, but the history of modern thought as it usually derives from the generation of Descartes, Shakespeare, and Cervantes.
我所说的怀疑主义,产生于我们通常说的现代性,不要与20世纪早期的，现代主义搞混了，现代性是现代思想的历史,始于笛卡尔，莎士比亚和塞万提斯一代。
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