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Robert Nozick, one of the libertarian philosophers we read for this course, puts it this way: Individuals have rights.
罗伯特·诺齐克，本课涉及到的一位自由主义哲学家,是这样说的：,个人有权利。
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What about Mill's attempt to account for the especially weighty character of individual rights and justice in chapter five of Utilitarianism.
那么穆勒在《功利主义》,第五章中提到的,个人权利和公正重要性的解释，又是否成立呢。
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But most importantly, I think, is to go back to the importance given to the individual in Hobbes' philosophy.
除去前面所述的观点,我们还应当给霍布斯哲学中的,个人主义予以足够的重视。
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But the modern world, to get back to that, to this Enlightenment world, individualism and a key aspect to that is hedonism.
但是回到现代社会,回到启蒙时期的世界,个人主义的关键在于享乐主义
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So Nabokov imbues that state of impersonality with certain kinds of emotion and then asks the reader to be as impersonal as that modernist artist also must be.
所以纳博科夫用某些特定的情感,来营造非个人化的境界,让读者像现代主义艺术家那样非个人化。
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Some coming from East Asian societies have said, this emphasis in the West on individualism.
有些东亚社会的人说，西方这种强调个人主义的思想。
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The occult gives Yeats aesthetic forms for understanding individual psychology and historical event.
神秘主义使叶芝从美学角度,理解个人的心理,和历史事件。
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And we'll talk about and discuss the importance of idealism and maintaining idealism if we are to introduce personal change, inter-personal change, or community or society change.
我们会谈到和讨论理想主义和保持理想主义的重要性,如果我们要介绍个人的改变，个人之间的改变，或群体与社会的改变的话。
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It's the quintessential sort of expression of individualism, but it's more than that.
这是对个人主义典型的诠释,但是不止这些
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So--you might think " "Oh, no, the physicalist is wrong," when the physicalist says that personality memory, belief, consciousness, what have you is housed or based in the body is based in an immaterial soul.
你也许会想,“不，这个物理主义学者说错了“,当他说,个人的记忆，信仰，意识，等等都储存在肉体里,也储存在非物质的灵魂里。
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And doesn't Hobbes' materialism and his sort of mechanistic theory of nature seem to detract from any inherent worth ? of the individual?
难道霍布斯的唯物主义和,他的自然的机械理论,似乎有损于,个人的价值吗？
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The type of individual he tried to create, careful, self-interested, risk averse, this has become ? the dominant ethos of our civilization, has it not?
因为他笔下的个人主义，如强调个体利益，风险回避等,已经成为我们文明的主导精神，不是吗？
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Another aspect that is very important in this sort of enlightenment approach is individualism, that the core of everything is the single individual person.
另外一个启蒙思想的,重要方面是,个人主义,即一切事物的核心在于每个单独的个人
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Hobbes' individuality or individualism is closely connected to this conception of a human being or human well-being as success in the competition for the goods of life.
霍布斯的个性或者个人主义,是与人类或人类福祉的概念紧密相连的,就像在为好生活的奋斗当中,获得了胜利。
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And, Hobbes tell us he would banish all doctrines that profess to make the individual or the sect, more importantly in some ways the sect, the judge of the sovereign.
霍布斯说，他将谴责那些,主张个人主义或教派主义的学说，以及那些对君主提出批判，的教派势力。
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So, you have this tremendous continuity between the sort of the honor code that was so dominant in the Homeric world, which has now been shifted to the larger unit, which is the polis.
现在你对荣耀法则的变迁应当有所了解了,荷马时期的主流是个人英雄主义,逐渐演变成现在对更广泛的集体,也就是对城邦的担当
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The body theorist should say, The key to personal identity is having the same body, to wit,the same brain,to wit,enough of the brain to keep the personality going-- provided that there's no branching,no splitting,no perfect competitors,only one.
肉体主义者能说，个人认同感的关键就是拥有肉体，也就是说拥有足够支持人格继续的大脑-,在没有分支，分裂以及竞争者的前提下。
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Libertarian say that's also a violation of the right to liberty.
自由主义者说，这也违反了个人的自由权。
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This, in many ways arguably, makes him the founding father or maybe we should say godfather of modern liberalism, the importance given to rights over duties, of the individual over in many ways the collective or common good.
正是这个稍带争议的观点,使他成了现代自由主义的奠基人,甚至可以说是创始人,因为个人权力优先于义务就意味着,个人利益将优先于集体利益。
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