Machiavelli's state itself has universalist ambitions, in many ways, much like its Christian and Roman predecessors.

马奇亚维利的国家本身,也有普遍性的野心，从很多层面看来,很像其基督与罗马帝国的前辈。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

He both replaces and yet reconfigures according to his own lights, elements from both the Christian empire and the Roman republic, to create a new form of political organization distinctly his own.

他不但取代还重新配置,且是根据他自己的想法，原理,有别于基督帝国与罗马共和，创造出一种新型的政治组织,独树一帜。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

So the union of a universalist religion, with a monarch such as the Roman Empire, who ruled a vast empire, could nonetheless have put an end to any prospect of freedom as in other civilizations.

所以说,若是由信普救说者教会,与罗马帝国为代表的君主政体结盟,便会断送,其他文明中存在的自由前景

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The English Reformation, which begins with Henry VIII wanting to divorce and kill his various wives along the way, still had an awful lot to do with the resistance to the power of Rome and the power of the Catholic Church as an institution.

英国的宗教改革,自亨利八世开始,就是那个总爱离婚,且一辈子患有杀妻癖的君王,他仍然还要面对强大的罗马教廷,以及天主教会的反对与干涉

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

So, when you see the word Colonia in late Roman history, it's talking about something very, very different from what we're talking about.

当你在罗马史中看到Colonia这个词的时候,这与我们所说的,是两个完全不同的概念

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选