So if you have some charge in the nucleus, but you also have repulsion with another electron, the net attractive charge that a given electron going to feel is actually less than that total charge in the nucleus.

所以如果在原子核中，有一些电荷但是你也有来自，另一个电子的排斥力,那么一个给定电子的,吸引电荷感觉到的事实上,小于原子核中的总电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

because there's a big congestion charge if you live in the centre.

因为如果你住在市中心，拥堵费就要一大笔钱。

刚来伦敦的时候 - SpeakingMax英语口语达人

But I want you to tell me in terms of thinking about formal charge, which Lewis structure would you predict to be the most stable?

但我想让大家告诉我,从形式电荷的角度考虑，你会预测哪一个路易斯结构是最稳定的？

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Make sure you have batteries that are in a good state of charge in your calculator.

确保你的计算器电池,处在一个良好的状态。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

The emperor in the east was able to do that because they were not conquered by the barbarians, but in the West, you have this situation where nobody is fully in charge.

东方帝王之所以能够如愿以偿,是因为他们没有受到野蛮人的入侵,但是在西方,你面临的情形是,没有人负有完全的责任

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Because it's a gel electricity is going to move through the gel because there are ions in it the same way - for the same reason you don't drop an electrical device into the bathtub because charge moves through water that has ions in it.

由于凝胶中存在离子,电流会通过凝胶,同样--,因为同样的原因你不会把电器扔进浴缸里,因为水里也有离子,所以水可以导电

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You've got negative charge in motion, and it's in a circular orbit.

负电荷在运动，它们处在一个环形的轨道中。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

This was my first glance at plum pudding, and I guess you can see that this must be that positive part -- most of the plums are within that, and you can see all these little raisins or plums in here, that would be that negative charge.

我想你们可以，看到着一定是正电部分,大部分的李子,都在这里面，你们也可以看到,这些小的葡萄干或李子，这就是负电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

It's always a good first approximation, because you need to start somewhere in terms of drawing Lewis structures, but then if you go and figure out the formal charge and you just have lots of charge separation or very high charges, like a plus 2 and a minus 2 and a minus 1 all different places in the atom, what it should tell you is maybe there's a better structure.

它总是一个好的第一近似，因为在画路易斯结构的时候,你总需要一个起点，但是如果你在算出形式电荷之后,发现有很多电荷分开了,或者说有很高的电荷，比如有一个正二，一个负二，还有一个负一1,在原子的各个地方，这应该就是在告诉你,或许还有一个更好的路易斯结构。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Often a good thing to start with is to put the lowest ionization energy atom in the middle, and if you don't have charge separation then go with that structure, but if you do find you have a lot of separation, such as the case in negative 2, positive 2, and minus 1, then you want to say wait a second, this is really bad in terms of formal charge, let me go ahead and see what other options I have here.

通常一开始把电离能最低的原子,放在中心位置就很好了，如果你发现电荷没有分开,那么这个结构就没问题了，但是如果你发现有很多分开的电荷，比如这种情况，有负二，正二和负一，那么你会想要说等一下，从形式电荷来看这很不好，让我去看看其它可能的选择。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选