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One is that cells form tissues that are mechanically intact, they have mechanical integrity because they can adhere to one another.
一是具有机械完整性的组织是由细胞构成,组织之所以具有机械完整性,是因为细胞能够互相黏附在一起
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Why has it been so hard and why does it continue to be difficult to identify these pluripotent cells within tissues?
为什么会那么难呢,为什么在组织中识别多能干细胞,始终困难重重呢
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The cells of this surrounding sheet have become different in some way and they develop into the placenta and the extra embryonic tissues.
环抱在周围的这一层细胞,已经开始逐渐分化,最终成为胎盘,及额外的胚胎组织
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There are a couple of tissues that are of particular interest to scientists and clinicians now and bone marrow is one of those.
有一些组织现在受到,科学家和临床工作者的关注,骨髓就是其中之一
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The other examples on the bottom of the slide here are introducing genes that affect neighboring tissues.
幻灯片下面位置的两个例子,讲的是通过基因影响周围组织的方法
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We have tissues like the brain which are assembled to do functions that are different from any other groups of cells in the body.
像我们的脑组织,它们的功能,就截然不同于身体其他部分的细胞功能
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Extracellular matrix in most tissues is abundant in collagen and other proteins like collagen.
大部分组织中的细胞外基质,都富含胶原蛋白和其他类似蛋白
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and tissues are collections of cells that are working in synchrony for some function.
组织则是一些,同步完成相同功能的细胞的集合
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Here I just show tissues at two levels of magnification and when we think about tissues we're going to be interested in a couple of different characteristics.
这里我就给你们展示一下,从两个不同水平看到的组织,当我们研究这些组织时,我们将会对它一大堆不同的特点产生兴趣
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That cells that form tissues often have junctions that hold them together so that they don't fall apart and they exist as a solid piece of tissue.
组织细胞通常通过,细胞连接而联系在一起,所以它们不会分散开来,而保持坚固的组织形态
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The main function of all your cells, and all your tissues, and all your organs is to maintain this homeostasis, which allows you to live in a changing environment.
你所有细胞,所有的组织,所有的器官最主要的功能,就是维护这个内稳态,使你能够以不变应万变
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organ systems like the cardiovascular system are made up of tissues.
器官系统如心血管系统等,由组织构成
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The nervous system, the endocrine system which we'll start talking about a little bit today is the system that's responsible for sending signals back and forth between tissues of your body.
还有神经系统,和我们今天将要提到的内分泌系统,内分泌系统主要负责,在体内各组织之间传递信号
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Fibroblasts are specialized cells that exist in connective tissues.
成纤维细胞是,出现在结缔组织中的特化细胞
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How do those differences between cells contribute to the properties of the tissues, which contribute to the properties of the organs, which contribute to the properties of a person and this maintenance of homeostasis?
这些差异化的细胞,是如何构成具有不同属性的组织,这些组织又构成具有不同属性的器官,器官又构成了不同的人,它们是如何维护内稳态呢
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So organs are made up of combinations of tissues where all the tissues are collections of cells that are doing some function, nervous tissue, muscular tissue, epithelial tissue, those are examples of tissues that form organs.
所以器官是由各种组织组合而成,所有的组织都是,具有某些功能的细胞集合,神经组织,肌肉组织,上皮组织,这些都是由组织构成器官的例子
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