Here's a hoplite standing like this, and when he comes into contact with the opposing army, he will presumably strike down in this way.

这儿有个重步兵这样站着,当在战场中遭遇敌人时,他应该会这样刺下去

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

This is the patron-client structure at work in the Roman army.

这就是罗马军队中的庇护关系。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

When the Swedes get into the act, Gustavus Adolphus brings this huge old Swedish army down and they do a lot of damage, too, and people are absolutely being devastated.

当瑞典人加入战局时,瑞典国王阿道夫率领庞大,且久经战阵的军队南下,他们给中欧造成了巨大的破坏,人民饱受战争之苦

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

And this was before the Ad came up for the army.

这些是军队的广告。

哈佛公开课 - 幸福课课程节选

But the difficulty is, if you take your left flank and move it out here so you can flank this guy, one of two things has to happen to your army.

但困难的是,如果你把左翼移到这里,你可以进攻敌人的侧翼,你的军队会面对下面两种情况

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

and they reply in German, "Yes, I'm French," that doesn't--language doesn't necessarily tell you how people feel about their identity. Some sage once said, I don't know who it was, but I love this expression, that a language is a dialect with a powerful army.

然后他们用德语回答,"我是法国人",不一定--语言不一定能代表,对自己的身份认同,有个哲人说过,我忘了是谁,但我特喜欢这句,说语言就是有强大军队撑腰的方言

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

Either you open a nice hole between yourself and the rest of your army, in which case somebody's going to get very badly killed and you're going to be on the run very soon, or you have to somehow communicate to the rest of the army, "Everybody come over this way," which will still leave that flank open to being flanked by the other side.

或者在你和自己的军队之间,形成一个缺口,这样有会造成惨重的伤亡,你很快会全军溃逃,或者你以某种方式和部队沟通,全都过来这边,这样仍会使一侧对敌人敞开,从而受到对方攻击

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

So, you have to imagine that this thing started with these guys back in their camp and the other army back in its camp, and they both have to agree that they want to have a battle, for a battle to take place, and they will have picked a place that is flat where they can do what they're doing.

所以事情是这样的,你得想象一下,一群人各属于不同阵营,他们都同意开战,为了进行战斗,他们需要挑选一块平地,以供双方的方阵摆开架势

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

So, Corinth really had a very great deal to say about what was going on So, when Potidaea got into trouble with Athens, and found itself Corinth sent a real army to go in there and fight, and I think that's because of this very special relationship that they had.

所以科林斯有很大的权力来左右迁徙地,所以当迁徙地与雅典交战并被围攻的时候,科林斯派遣了一支真正的军队去作战,我想正是出于他们之间的这种特殊关系

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选