And what we would see if we were graphing, for example, increasing kinetic energy, is we would see 1 line corresponding to each of these energies of electrons that we see coming out.

如果我们将它画出来会看到，比如以动能增加的顺序，这里一条线就对应着,一个出射电子可能带有的动能中的一种。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

I want to show you another way to get a sense of these energies.

我想通过其它的方式,使我们更好了解这些能量的形式。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So let's address this by considering another example, which should clarify what the difference is between these ionization energies.

让我们用另外一个例子来讲一讲这个问题，这应该能够说清楚,各个电离能之间的区别。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And knowing now how to calculate these free energies especially the Helmholtz and the Gibbs free energies,that's what's going to guide us in really calculating quantitatively, OK, where will equilibrium lie.

知道如何计算,这些自由能,尤其是亥姆赫兹和吉布斯自由能之后,这些数值计算就能告诉我们，平衡态到底是什么样子。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So, I think we have these molecular orbital energies down, so let's move on to talking about more complex molecules.

分子轨道能量就说到这里，让我们继续来讨论一下更复杂的分子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

You'll also know that all of these binding energies here are negative, so the negative sign indicates that it's low.

你们将会知道所有的这些,结合能都是负的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

We call these first, second, third ionization energies in sequence. This is the first ionization energy.

我们按照顺序把这些叫做一级，二级,三级电离能，这是初级电离能。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

These are huge energies, Coulombic forces, high melting points and boiling points.

这里有巨大的能量，库仑力，高熔点与高沸点。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, my question to you is are these two energies equal?

那么我想问大家，这两个能量相等吗？

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

These have low average valence electron energies.

他们有较低的平均价电子能。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So what I want to point out when you're kind of looking at these numbers here, what the significance is, look at that huge difference between what the ionization energies are for what we call those valence electrons, -- those outer shell electrons, those are core electrons there.

我在这里想要指出的是,当大家在看这些数字的时候，最重要的是，要看到这些,巨大的差异,看到所谓价电子，即外层电子的电离能与，1，s，轨道，电离能之间的巨大差异。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选