That is to say, what we're taking up this week, is as much really the history of criticism as literary theory.

也就是说，我们这周要讲的，与其说是文学理论，不如说是文学评论的历史。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

All right. Now the question, "How does literary theory relate to the history of criticism?"

现在我们来思考这个问题：,“文学理论和评论的历史有什么联系？

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

If you look at the history of engines there are discrete advances when people were able to apply the theory more and more.

如果你去回顾一下引擎的发展史,就会发现在这进程中的取得的各种突破,都源于对理论更加充分的应用

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

so it is as crucial as ever to understand theory At the same time, we have the vantage point of, I suppose, what we can now call history.

因此去理解理论一直以来都是至关重要的,以此同时我想，我们处在，历史的有利位置。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Now the word theory has a very complicated etymological history that I won't trouble you with.

理论这个词的词源非常复杂,你们不需要了解。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Ian Hacking, who wrote a history of probability theory, searched through world literature for any reference to a probability and could find none anywhere before 1600.

伊恩·哈金为概率论追根溯源,他查遍世界所有关于概率的文献,发现无法追溯到十七世纪以前

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

That makes the subject matter that we'll be discussing this week, as I say, as much a part of the history of criticism as it is of literary theory.

这样一来，我们这周的内容就变得至关重要了，就像我说过的那样，我们将学习到文学理论方面,乃至评论史上重要的一章。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

There seems to be a doubt, a variety of doubts, about the foundations of what we can think about the basis of our opinions, that pervades theory, and is seen somehow or another to characterize its history.

有些事物，是我们思想的基础和看法的依据,但理论中却充斥着对它们的质疑，而这些质疑也被视为理论的特征之一。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Hacking believes that there were many gambling theorists who invented probability theory at various times in history but never wrote it down and kept it as a secret.

哈金相信历史上有很多赌博理论家,曾多次构想了概率论,但从来没有记录下来,并且恐为人知

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Anyway, that shows that I think probability theory does have a long history, but-- it not being an intellectual discipline-- it didn't really inform a generation of finance theory.

不管怎样,这个故事表明概率论,确实有很悠久的历史,但,那时它并非以学科形式存在,也没有对金融理论的产生有过指导意义

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

You remember in the first lecture I said there's a difference between the history of criticism and theory of literature, one difference being that the history of criticism has a great deal to do with literary evaluation: that is to say, why do we care about literature and how can we find means of saying that it's good or not good?

你们还记得吗，第一节课我说过,文学评论历史和文学理论有一个重大区别，那就是文学评论的历史,很大程度上与文学评估有关：,意思就是我们为什么要关心文学,还有我们怎么能说一部作品是好还是坏？

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选