All of that somewhat complicates the picture, but at the same time, I think you can see that there is a connection between those semiotic systems.
这理解起来可能很复杂,但是你们还是能看到,这些符号系统间的一些联系。
I showed you this in this picture here and those levels of control can be at the level of transcription.
我把这些都给你们显示在这张图上,调控可以在转录的水平下进行
And this is--God, I love this--one picture, you first see the first picture you can actually see of Paris, the faubourg du temple.
这个是,天啊,我爱死这张了,这是你能看到的巴黎的第一张照片,在圣殿郊区街拍的
So all that Bohr, for example, had to go on at this point was a more classical picture of the atom, as you can see on the left side of the screen there, which is the idea that the electrons orbiting the nucleus.
原子的经典图像,你们可以,看到屏幕左边,这是电子,绕着核子旋转,的概念,他已经知道。
This is incredibly important because if you picture having a double bond in a very large molecule, you could have all sorts of other atoms off this way and all sorts of other atoms off this way, and you can picture the shape would be very different if you have one confirmation versus another confirmation.
这是十分重要的,因为如果你想象在一个大分子里有一个双键,你可以在这里有各种各样的其它原子,在这里也有各种各样的其它原子,你可以想象一个构型,和另外一个构型之间的形状差别是非常大的。
So essentially, each of these orbitals come from linear combinations of all of the original orbitals, and it's hard to picture exactly how that happens, but one that you can at least start to get an idea is if you think about combining the 2 s and the 2 p z here, which is not quite accurate because of course, we're combining all of them.
本质上,这些轨道每个都来,自原来所有轨道的线性组合,我们很难想象这是怎么发生的,但你们可以至少有个概念,如果你们考虑2s和2pz轨道的结合,这当然是不太准确的,因为我们要把所有的都组合起来。
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