I see that, but I also see the drugs bringing them down, you know, it's horrible.
我看得出来,但我也看到毒品让他们没落,你知道,这很糟糕。
So just keep in mind when you do see the chlorine in these drugs, it's very different from the acid chloride.
因此只要记住当你在这些药物中发现氯的时候,它不会是酰氯就好了。
Western countries, and especially the United States say, "We have a big pharmaceutical industry that develops new drugs.
西方国家,尤其是美国宣称,我们拥有研发新药品的大制药业。
How many people know that three times a week physical exercise,30 minutes each time has the same effect ? as our most powerful psychiatric drugs?
多少人知道,每周三次,体育锻炼,每次三十分钟,与最强劲的精神药物,有同样的效果?
Much of the work that pharmaceutical companies do in terms of searching for drugs is searching for new ligands that activate receptors and create biological responses inside cells.
很多制药公司新药筛选工作的主要内容,就是寻找能够激活受体的,新型配体,并在细胞内部产生某种生物学效应
Moreover, modern therapists, including some people who aren't psychoanalytically defined, will say, "Look. These drugs are all well and good " but what they do is they mask the symptoms."
而且,现代的心理治疗师们,包括一些非精神分析治疗师在内,都会说,“这些药效果非常好,但它们治标不治本“
The big Pharma hasn't really done research for years but then he married in the biotech area and therefore biotech companies aren't that well run but they spent a great deal in research for the large molecule drugs.
大型制药企业已经很多年没有做过相关研究,但它却与生物技术领域合作,因此导致众多生物技术公司经业绩下降,但生物技术公司在大分子药物的研究上,却投入了很多。
But then you notice in the corner that somebody is dealing drugs.
后来你发现在酒吧的角落里有人在做毒品买卖。
But in terms of drugs that don't look like maybe this compound was used in the synthesis, many of them might have used thionyl chloride, because it generates such a nice reactive intermediate that you can go on and make a bunch of different compounds from that intermediate.
但是对于药物来说,它们可能跟合成过程中用到的这种化合物并不相像,很多药物的制造过程中都会用到亚硫酰氯,因为它能产生活性如此之高的反应中间体,以至于你可以继续利用反应中间体,来制造一堆不同类型的化合物。
Then, there came along the AIDS crisis in South Africa, and the American AIDS drugs were hugely expensive, far more than could be afforded by most Africans.
然而,艾滋危机在南非爆发之后,美国治疗艾滋病的药品却是天价,大多数非洲人根本无力承担。
And that's an engineering problem that we're going to talk a lot about, how to deliver drugs so that you get the action that you want, at the site that you want and not the toxicity.
这的确是一个工程学问题,我们马上就来讨论,如何把药物注射到你想要它起作用的部位,而不产生毒性
Sometimes you can design drugs that act like a natural ligand without being the natural ligand.
有时你能设计具有天然配体功能的药物,但它不一定和天然配体相同
So, if you have panic attacks, say, it's true that drugs might make the panic attacks go away, but the panic attacks are actually not your real problem.
比如说,如果你患上了恐慌症,或许药物确实能够治疗恐慌症的症状,但是恐慌症的症状却并不是你真正的问题。
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