Well, the Greeks had no concept of natural rights, or of rights that human beings were given by the gods.

当然,古希腊人没有自然权利,或者天赋人权的概念

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The concept of individual freedom has had no importance in these great majorities of cultures in human history.

在人类历史的大多数文化中,个人自由这个理念显得无足轻重

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

If he is beneath the polis it means he's beneath what it is to a human being, and that tells you just how potent is this concept of a community for the Greeks and it emerges in its own way from the Iliad and the Odyssey.

反过来,如果一个卑微到无法进入城邦的人,那也就意味着他作为人的意义同样卑微,由此可见,集体的概念,是多么的深入希腊人的心中,在《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中,便揭示了这一点

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选