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It's time for you to reproduce', and so the cellular response would be mitosis.
该是复制的时候了",细胞就开始进行有丝分裂
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It could be that that signal is 'you need more glucose', and so the cellular response is to create more glucose transporters to bring more glucose into the cell.
这信号还可能是,"需要更多葡萄糖",细胞的反馈就是,产生更多的葡萄糖载体,将更多的糖分子输送进细胞
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Usually the cellular means that they get rid of is that instead of an antibody being produced, you activate a population of cells that will specifically go and hunt down the foreign antigen, or more commonly, cells that contain the foreign antigen.
通常细胞免疫意味着,不用生成抗体就能清除抗原,你激活了一个细胞类群,这一类群能够,并杀伤外源抗原,或者更常见的是,杀伤含有外源抗原的细胞
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In fact, of all the systems of cellular differentiation that are known in our bodies, probably hematopoiesis is the best known.
事实上,我们体内已知的,所有由细胞分化成的系统中,造血系统也许是最为人所熟知的
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I want to finish with that and then start on the topic for this week which is an introduction to cellular physiology.
我想先讲完这些后,再开始本周的话题,来介绍一下细胞生理学的内容
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We talk about cells as being kind of the fundamental unit of humans and other multi-cellular organisms.
我们某种意义上把细胞视为,人体和其它多细胞生物的基本单位
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During development of the embryo it goes from being a single cell, the fertilized egg, to being a multi-cellular organism with billions of cells in it.
胚胎的发育,始于一个单一细胞,即受精卵,直到形成一个以十亿计数量的细胞构成的,多细胞有机体
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We talked about last time that part of the process of going from this single cell to multi cellular many celled organisms like we are is cell division.
我们上节课说过,从一个单细胞分裂形成大量细胞,构成的器官的过程,叫做细胞分裂
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The digestive system, of course, is responsible for bringing in sort of fresh nutrients, fresh substrates for cellular metabolism, fresh quantities of amino acids, and nucleotides, and the things that we can't generate internally.
当然,还有消化系统,它主要负责将各种新鲜营养物摄入体内,为细胞代谢提供新的底物,如一批新的氨基酸,核苷酸,以及那些人体无法自行合成的东西
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We'll talk a little bit about the principles of cellular physiology and then I'll move next time to talking about how you culture cells outside of the body and what that's useful for.
这节课我们讲一些,细胞生理学的一些原理,下节课具体讲,体外培养细胞的方法,及其用途
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Ok, today we're going to continue our discussion of cellular principles and lead into cell culture technology which will be the subject of the section meeting this afternoon, so just to remind you about the sections.
今天我们继续讨论细胞学原理,之后再引申到细胞培养技术,这也是我们今天下午分组讨论会的主题,顺便提醒一句,下午有组会
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Here, I've just picked a couple of the pictures that I showed you last time when we were talking about cell communication in the immune system, What happens after the vaccine is introduced into your body is that it initiates cellular events.
我挑选了,我上次给你们展示的几幅图片,当我们讨论到,免疫系统中的细胞沟通时,讲到过当人体接种疫苗之后,能够触发,细胞活动
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