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But if you touch the valve going into your tire which basically measures the temperature of the air going into your tire, that is getting hot, right.
以至于浑身发热,如果你摸气筒的阀门,相当于近似测量了进入轮胎的气体的温度，它会很热，对吧。
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In other words, how much does the temperature of the whole thing change when you put an ordinary amount of material in there and run a reaction, right. Well, what do you do?
当你放入通常数量的材料,并进行反应时,整个装置的温度,改变有多少，你要做什么？
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That is it. So you want high temperature bricks, what are you going to make them out of?
这就是它，因此你想要高温砖，你打算怎么做它？
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So if you had a jar full of triglycerides it would behave like an oil, many would be liquid at room temperature.
所以如果你有一满瓶甘油三酯,它看上去就好像油一样,它们在室温下都是液体
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So we don't really need to put in a certain amount of heat and change the temperature of the products and the calorimeter and so on.
所以我们实际上并不需要输入,一定的热量，改变生成物,和量热计的温度之类。
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Now these quantities were useful because you could relate them. The slope of changes, with respect to volume or temperature of the energy with respect to quantities that you understood, that you could measure.
去得到这些量,这些量很有用，而且你们已经知道了，怎么把它们相互联系起来,像这种比例形式的量，能量比上温度或体,或其它你们懂的可以测量量。
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What's the temperature of the hot reservoir?
高温热源的温度是多少？
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OK, now what we'd like to do is be able to calculate any of these quantities in terms of temperature, pressure, volume properties.
现在我们想要做的是能够利用,温度，压强和体积的性质,计算上面的物理量。
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You've taken all the proteins inside the white of the egg, for example, you raise the temperature.
对蛋清部分所有的蛋白质,比如说进行加热
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Avogadro was a professor of chemistry at the University of Turin who did a lot of work on gas laws, understanding the number of gas particles in a given volume at a given temperature.
阿伏加德罗是一个化学教授,在都灵大学,他做了很多关于气体定律的研究，了解气体微粒,在特定的容量和温度下的数目。
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But you don't compress it so quickly that you're not in there reversible process so you compress that if you were to feel the temperature of the air and you can feel it through the nozzle gives you an idea of the temperature of the air inside your bicycle pump.
但是压缩速度,也不能太快,否则就不是,可逆过程了,这样当压缩气体时,从喷嘴可以感受到,内部气体的温度。
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What's the temperature of the cold reservoir?
低温热源的温度又是多少？
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And so the slope of this thing is f at the triple point, which is this point here, this is the temperature of the triple point of water, f divided by 273.16. That's the slope of that line.
除以x轴的坐标,这就是斜率，而直线,经过原点，因此斜率乘上T就得到。
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We could just collect a bunch of data. For a material .What's the volume it occupies at some pressure and temperature?
对一种物质我们可以得到一系列测量数据,在给定的温度和气压下,它的体积是什么？
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Then we can take the derivative of that quantity, when we vary the temperature, holding the volume constant.
即恒定体积，改变温度，这里恒定温度下。
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And I didn't specify the conditions, but if we were to do this under ordinary chemical conditions of some, you'd say room temperature and pressure, right, they all happen spontaneously.
我并没有特别说明反应条件，但是如果我们在通常的化学条件下,实现这些化学反应，比如在室温和大气压下下，他们都是自发的。
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