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Today we're going to talk about food and health and how food links to health.
今天我们将探讨食品和健康,以及食品和健康之间的联系
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And we're going to talk about food and the psychology of it, the biology, and the politics, and this morning I'd like to run through what I mean by those things and what the course is going to be all about.
我们将讨论食品以及有关食品的心理学,生物学和政治学,今天早上我会讲解,这些都是什么意思,以及这门课将怎么进行
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We're going to talk about cloning next week, but why would cloning be an advantage in producing food?
下星期我们讨论克隆,为什么克隆技术在食品工业中具有优越性
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Kelly Brownell is going to talk--is head of the Rudd Center, focuses on obesity, eating disorders, dieting, and he'll talk about the psychology of food.
凯莉·布洛耐尔,是路德研究中心的领导者,主要研究肥胖症,进食紊乱和节食方面的问题,他会为大家讲述饮食的心理学
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We're going to talk about various aspects of food and I'd like to start off with a little pop quiz.
我们将讨论有关食品的方方面面,我将以一个小测验来开始这门课
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And we'll talk a lot about the food industry because of course the food industry is a series of very important players.
我们还将讨论食品工业,当然,食品工业包含了,一系列非常重要的关键点
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That's a very positive change in the food environment, so we'll talk about those sort of changes.
这是食品环境的一项积极改变,我们将会谈到这一类的改变
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Okay. So again, let's talk about what food used to be and what it is now.
好的,我们将要,再次谈到食品的过去和现在
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Well there are methods that get used to track population intake and methods to track individual food intake, and let's talk about each of them.
有的方法,用于追踪总体摄入量,有的方法追踪个体食物摄入量,让我们分开来谈
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We'll talk about whether food can be addictive, as I mentioned just a moment ago.
我们将讨论食物是否会使人上瘾,这我刚才也提到过
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and we'll talk about where food comes from because people have become very interested and they're becoming ever more interested in the story of their food.
我们将谈到食物的来源,因为人们对食品的追溯,越来越感兴趣
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We'll talk later about the politics of food and how the food industrywas very influential in getting the government to allow them to make health claims on cereals.
往后我们将谈到食品政治学,以及食品行业是如何深刻的影响到政府,使其允许它们做关于谷物的"健康宣示"
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Let's talk about more ancient societies and how food got started and what sort of phases we've gone through and how does that shape what's going on today.
让我们更深入地讨论古代社会及食品起源,还有我们经历了哪些阶段,这些阶段是如何影响我们现在的饮食
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Well, the only way you know is to do studies-- and we'll talk about how these are done in the next class-- linking dietary behavior, food intake with health.
了解这些的唯一方法是做研究,而在下一节课,我们会谈论具体过程,联系饮食习惯,食物摄入与健康
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When we talk about methods to track individual food intake, there are different ways of doing this, different methods that get used and they have different levels of accuracy.
说到有关探寻,个体食物摄入的方法,有几种不同的方法,不同的方法,精确度也不同
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We'll talk later about the construction of the food guide pyramid.
我们一会儿会说到食物金字塔
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We'll talk about where it comes from, and the biological, economic, and political reasons that drive food to be certain things, and we'll talk about what it does to us and for us.
我们会谈到它的来源,生物学,经济学方面和政治方面的因素,是如何影响食品的,我们还会谈到它对我们的影响和帮助
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We'll talk about the story of food.
我们会谈到有关食品的各种故事
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A kilocalorie, and this is really what we--when people talk about calories, how many calories in food, it's really kilocalories that they're referring to, but that would be the energy required to raise a kilogram of water one degree centigrade.
一千卡,是人们讨论卡路时是真正用的单位,当提起食物中的热量,人们指的是多少千卡,一千卡,是将一千克水提升1℃所需要的热量
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Now several lectures down the road we'll talk about modern food and epidemiology; that is what the research on food intake and human health, and what do we know about our health and well-being based on diets.
接下来的几堂课,我们将讨论现代食品和流行病学的关系,即食品摄入与人类健康方面的研究,我们通过饮食来了解自身健康状况
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Now we'll go back further than 10,000 years to talk about the history of food, but in those--but at 10,000 years ago several very important changes happened that have shaped to a great extent what our modern relationship with food is.
让我们回到一万多年前,来讨论饮食史,但是,一万年前,发生了一些很重要的变化,这些变化很大程度上塑造了,现代人类与食物的关系
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We'll talk about whether food can promote health; of course it can if done right, and we'll talk about the specific properties of food that promote good health and what can be done to increase the opportunity of food to improve the public's health in a national and international way.
我们将讨论食物是否能促进健康,当然,适当的饮食能促进健康,我们还将讨论健康食品的特殊性质,以及我们如何,通过食物来提高,全国乃至全世界公众的健康水平
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Then you'll get a page that looks like this that will talk about-- given that you've had that particular food how many additional calories you have for the day, given an average person, and it gives you the breakdown of what you've eaten so far.
之后你会看到一个类似这样的页面,根据你的某种食物摄入量,根据一般人的情况,告诉你当天额外摄入了多少卡路里,它会给出当前所有的统计数据
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One's from Burger King and one is from KFC, and when I show these to you-- we'll talk a lot about food marketing in the United States, because if you buy the premise that I laid out a few moments ago, that what we consider food and what we consider to taste good is pretty much a total social construction.
一个是汉堡王的,一个是肯德基的,在我播放这两个广告的同时,我们要讲下美国的食物市场营销策略,因为如果你买了我之前出的那本提纲,其中讲到了我们对待食物的态度,我们,判定食物好吃与否的标准是种社会意识
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We'll talk about the amount of money that goes into Washington to lobby on behalf of the food industry, and we'll use a few exemplars of that like the National Restaurant Association which is the major trade association, as you might guess, of the restaurant industry.
我们会讲到以食品工业的名义,游说华盛顿政府支付的资金,我们会用一些例子,比如国际酒店联盟这样主要的商业联盟,如你们所想,在饭店行业中
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