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Now the question you'd need to ask yourself is how do you know this didn't happen to you last night?
现在你要问自己的问题是,你怎么知道,昨晚你没发生这样的事？
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so you get a good idea of, like, what you knew how to do and what you couldn't do. So.
你就能明白你现在会做什么，以及不能做什么。
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I don't think it makes good TV to meditate on TV, but how do you get into it?
现场表演冥想不切实际，但到底要如何做呢？
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How do you know something like this doesn't happen every single night, every hour on the hour, ? every minute, every second?
你怎么知道这样的事,每一晚，每个小时，每分每秒都没有发生？
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This is very different from classical conditioning and one way to see how this is different is for classical conditioning you don't do anything.
这与经典条件作用非常不同,两者间不同的一点在于,在经典条件作用中,你的行为是不自主的。
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We don't know how to measure that either; do you agree?
我们不知道如何去测量它,是吧
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What I was going to say is that you could, at least theoretically, strike with your spear in a overhand manner or you could strike with it in an underhand manner, the only thing is I don't know how you do that underhand when you're in the middle of a phalanx.
我要说的是,士兵们能够,至少从理论上来说,可以自上而下地刺矛,也可以这样自下而上地刺矛,我不太清楚在方阵中,士兵们怎么能够自下而上地刺矛
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How do you get there? You go to go here, here and these could be busy roads, and so parents don't want to do it because of safety reasons, so you see how--when the country used to be laid out in a grid, like say New York City still is today, then people walk to get to places.
那要怎么才能去呢,你得绕道这里,还有那里的繁忙路段,出于安全原因家长们不允许孩子们这么做,可以看到,规划为网格状道路的地区,比如依旧保留了传统规划的纽约,人们出行是靠步行
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But if you say, well, I don't know how to do this, I am not going to bother, don't grade the paper.
但是如果你说，好吧，我不知道怎么做这个，我想麻烦，别给试卷评分。
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And I haven't said yet, how do I get that collection, but you could certainly conceptualize that, if I had that collection, that would be nice thing to do. That is a more common pattern.
也可以这么来操作,这是个更常用的模式,这基本上也就意味着，对于某些数据的集合,我想要一个循环机制。
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I don't care how you do it on exams or on problem sets, but you do need to be aware that the 3 d once filled is lower in energy than the 4 s, and the reason you need to be aware of that is if you're asked for the electron configuration now of the titanium ion.
我不关心你们在考试或者,问题集中如何做它，但是你们的确需要知道3d一旦被填充,它的能量是小于4s的，你们需要知道这个的原因,是如果你现在被要求,写出钛离子的电子构型。
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How do you control the kids who don't behave themselves?
你怎样控制不能自律的孩子？
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How do you know, not only that it didn't happen to you last night?
你怎么知道，只是昨晚没有发生？
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Not only is it inevitable that you're going to die; not only do some people live longer than others, you don't know how much more time you've got.
你会死去这不仅是不可避免;,不仅有些人活得比另一些人久，你也不知道自己还剩下多少时间。
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Since, the Greeks really didn't believe in personal immortality, how do you find what everybody wants?
因为希腊人的确不相信个人的永生,你如何找到他们想要什么
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You don't know how you do this.
你并不知道自己是如何理解这些话的。
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I can change everything overnight; it does happen. I put that in for a reason because sometimes some of you have not taken a physics course and you don't know how to do well in physics and slowly you catch on and by the time it's Final exam you crack the code; you know how to do well.
我能一夜之间扭转乾坤,确实有过这样的例子,我这样做是因为,有时你们中有人可能以前没上过物理课,不知道怎样学好物理,但慢慢地你赶了上来,到期末考试的时候,你忽然灵光一闪,考起试来得心应手
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I know you can't read these characters but just, if you had to tell me, which ones do you like and which ones don't you like ? or how much do you like each one?
我知道你们不会读这些字母,但是，如果你必须告诉我，它们当中，你喜欢哪些词汇,不喜欢哪些,对于每个词，到底有多喜欢？
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You're going to get these personality tests all the time and the personality tests-- You're applying for a business and " one of the tests says "I like to steal from my bosses " Well, I don't think so No That's a little IQ test right there ? So, the question is how do you avoid that problem?
你们以后会做很多这样的性格测试,例如：你求职时做性格测试,其中一题是“我想偷老板的东西“,不，我不会,这相当于一个智商测试,问题在于，你怎么避免那个问题？
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But notice what this does. The first thing it does is, it says, let's check and make sure x is greater than or equal to 0. If it isn't, notice what's going to happen. None of that block is going to get executed, and it's going to come down here and print out a useful piece of information, which says, hey, you gave me a negative number. I don't know how to do this.
做的是和以前一样的事情,但是注释它做了什么，第一件做的事情就是,程序说，要去检查并且确信x是大于等于0的，如果不是的话，请注意会发生什么,下面的代码都不会被执行,程序会到这里来然后显示一些有用的信息,信息会说，嘿，你给了我一个负数,我不知道该怎么弄这个了。
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What this is is learning the relationships between what you do and how successful or unsuccessful they are, learning what works and what doesn't.
操作性条件作用,是在学习行为与成功,或失败程度之间的关系，学习什么行为起作用,什么行为不起作用。
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My favorite moral dilemma is as I'm walking down the street and I see somebody I sort of know, do I avoid eye so we don't have a conversation or do I say, "Hey. How are you doing?"
我最喜欢的道德困境是,当我走在大街上时,我看到一个不是很熟的人，我要转移视线，免得要跟他交谈吗,还是我说”你好吗？“
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So if you end up not doing well, the moral of the story is not to go running off and dropping the class, but to figure out what you did right, what you didn't do right, how to make the second paper better and the third paper stronger, again.
所以如果你们最终没有得到好成绩，这个课程不是让你们退却或是退课，但是去想想你所做的对的事，和不对的事，和怎么样让接下来的论文写得更好。
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