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In fact, even if you haven't had a biology class it's hard to be alive in 2008 and not know something about DNA; it's become such an important part of our lives.
实际上,即使你们没有上过生物课,也不可能活在当下却对DNA一无所知,它已经与我们的生活密不可分
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They didn't run DNA tests or anything, but he was the father.
他们没有进行基因测试之类的,但他确实是孩子的父亲
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So presumably, these two cells have exactly the same DNA content, but something's been passed onto this one that wasn't there.
按照预计,这两个子细胞应该有完全相同的DNA,但某种成分传给了一个细胞而不是另一个
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So this means we can code for it in DNA, you don't have to worry how am I going to get into the cell.
这意味着我们可以在DNA中编写它，你不用担心它怎么进到细胞里去。
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The one that appears only in RNA is , the one that appears only in DNA is .
仅出现在RNA中的碱基是U,仅出现在DNA中的是T
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Now DNA that's produced this way is not called genomic DNA because this doesn't match the DNA in your genome, on your chromosomes,right?
现在造出来的这个DNA,不叫基因组DNA,因为这跟你基因组里的DNA不一样,跟你染色体上的基因不一样,对吧
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It doesn't cut straight across the double stranded DNA but it cuts in this jagged fashion.
它不直接横切双链DNA,而是留下一个锯齿形切口
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Now remember that only appears in DNA and appears in RNA, and so can also form a hydrogen binding pair with .
还要记住T只出现在DNA中,而U出现在RNA中,U和A也可以通过氢键结合就可以了
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So and are interchangeable in a sense that appears where would appear in RNA and appears where would appear in DNA.
某种意义上和是可互换的,在RNA中以U替代了T,在DNA中以T取代了U
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We don't need to really talk about all the molecular detail in order to completely describe a DNA or an RNA molecule because these structures repeat themselves.
我们在完整的描述一个DNA或RNA时,不需要说明,分子上的每一个细节,因为它们的结构都是重复的
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If I'm talking about two DNA strands and they differ only in one or two base pairs they won't be exact complements and they won't form this double helix.
假设有两条DNA单链,有一两个碱基不能配对,它们就不能完全互补,也无法形成双螺旋形结构
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If I took this same restriction enzyme and tried to cut the chromosomal DNA of a sickle patient, it wouldn't cut at that point because the wrong sequence is there.
而如果我用同样的限制酶,去切割病人的染色体DNA,那该酶是不会起作用的,因为基因序列不对
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Every unit in the backbone of this ladder has the same sugar unit, the same pentose; it's either RNA or DNA and has ribose or deoxyribose, so you don't need to describe the whole thing.
主链的每个单位,都由相同的糖单位构成,同样的戊糖,RNA里是核糖,DNA里是脱氧核糖,所以你不需要所有细节都描述
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We talked about this a little bit in section last week, when you eat vegetables or meat, you're eating a lot of DNA but that doesn't enter the cells of your body because of the barrier properties of cell membranes.
这个我们上周讨论会讲过一些,我们在吃蔬菜或者肉类时,摄入了大量DNA,它们之所以不会进入你的体细胞,就是由于细胞膜的这种屏障作用
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I think the book has a fairly good description of it so if you don't pick up everything in the lecture, hopefully you've read that beforehand, and you can go back to it afterwards and read about things that didn't make sense.
我认为课本对DNA表述很详细,所以在课堂上无需面面俱到,希望你们之前做过预习,课后你们可以通过复习,弄懂那些不甚理解的地方
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