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This image of the afterlife is founded on the orthodox figure for eternity. The body stays to the earth while the soul, like the day-star, rises to the sky.
关于来生的这幅画面是建立在正统基督教,对永生的信仰上的，肉体归于泥土,灵魂却会像启明星一样升上天空。
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Maybe the soul theorist has an alternative available to it that-- available to him that the other theories don't have.
也许灵魂理论者还有一种-,其他理论没有的可能。
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This angelic laser begins slowly the gradual process in some kind of extraordinary science-fiction sort of way of transforming the virginal human body to the essence of the soul itself.
这天国的激光开始了这渐渐的过程,用一种很特别的科幻小说的方式,把人纯净的身体变成灵魂的精髓。
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Because I don't see the compassion, it presents a false sort of beauty that doesn't go to what is really going on in my soul, which is very conflicted often. -Right.
因为我看不到其中情感的相同，他们呈现的是一种虚假的美丽,它和我灵魂经历的一切并不相关，而我经历的通常是矛盾与冲突，-的确。
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Some cultures have the body going to-- sorry--the fate of the soul.
在一些文化中身体将会,抱歉,是心灵的终极去向
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If a person is kalos kagathos, it means he is good to look at and his soul is excellent -- all that you could expect of a person.
如果被称为kalos kagathos,这意味着此人不仅长相英俊而且灵魂高尚,堪称完美的化身
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Now, roughly speaking, Socrates' seems to think it's going to follow straightforwardly from that that the soul must itself be something non-physical.
因此,粗略地讲,苏格拉底似乎认为,这就很明确地说明了,灵魂也必须是非现实的东西
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The one we started with-- you need the soul to explain the animation of the body-- that argument, I think, doesn't work.
我们一开始提到的那个观点,你需要灵魂来解释肉体的生命力,我想那个论点并不成立
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Well,maybe what the soul theorist would have to do at this point is accept the--da-ta-da--the no branching rule.
在这一点上也许灵魂理论者必须,也接受无分支规则。
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Maybe we need to posit the soul in order to explain ESP; maybe we need to posit the soul in order to explain near-death experiences.
或许我们需要假设灵魂存在以探讨第六感,或许我们需要假设灵魂存在,来解释濒死体验
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After all, go back to the lock-in warriors about the soul theory of personal identity.
回顾我们讨论人格同一性的灵魂论,提到的关于战士的案例。
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Bare survival of my soul,even though that is the key to personal identity-- if it is--bare survival of my soul doesn't give me what I want.
仅有我灵魂的存活，即便是个人认同感的关键-,也并没有给予我，我想要的任何东西。
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According to the soul-theory argument for soul, rather,according to the argument for souls, you needed to believe in souls in order to explain how you could have a person.
根据灵魂理论的说法，或宁可说是灵魂作用的说法，人需要相信灵魂的存在才能解释作为人的存在。
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The thought would be, when the soul and the body have been separated-- such the dualist explains-- the soul has lost its ability to give commands to the body.
也就是说,当灵魂与肉体分离时,以二元论的解释,灵魂就丧失了对肉体的控制能力
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We don't have any particular reason to think my heart's one of the prior-existing pieces; we don't have any good reason to assume that my soul's one of the prior-existing pieces.
我们没有什么理由,去相信我的心脏是之前就存在的,我们没有理由说,我的灵魂之前就是存在的
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They've got to be grasped by something non-physical--namely, the soul.
他们只能被,非现实的事物认知,比如灵魂
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This tightly connected set of facts about us-- beliefs, desires, reasoning, strategizing, planning-- you need to appeal to a soul"-- so the argument goes--; "You need to appeal to a soul to explain that.
这些与我们自身联系紧密的东西,信仰,欲望,论证,谋略,规划,非得诉求灵魂才能解释,这个论点于是变成这样,你需要诉诸灵魂来解释这些
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To explain the fact that we've got free will, so the objection goes, we have to appeal to-- we have to posit--the existence of a soul, something non-physical, something more than purely physical.
要解释我们有自由意志这一事实,反驳者会说,我们不得不诉诸,或者假定灵魂存在,这里提到的灵魂是非物质并超出物质的东西
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On the one hand, even if it were true that the soul must be non-physical in order to grasp the non-physical forms, wouldn't follow that the soul will survive the death of the body.
一方面,即使,灵魂必须是非现实的,以便来认知非现实的型相,也没法推导出,灵魂可以在肉体死亡之后存活
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If that which grasps the ideas or the forms must be eternal/non-physical, well one thing we're going to get is, since that which grasps the forms must be non-physical, the soul is not the body.
假如能认知,理念或者型相的事物必须是永恒,非现实的,那么我们能得到的结论是,既然能认知型相的事物必须是非现实的,而且灵魂并不是肉体
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It's got to be the case to prove that we've got a soul-- at least for this argument to work to prove that we've got a soul-- it's got to be the case that we've got free will.
必须要有事实证明我们有灵魂,至少是为了能够证明这个论证,人是有灵魂的,必须要有事实证明我们有自由意志
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Well, Plato thinks what's going to follow is that we have some reason to believe in the immortality of the soul as, again, as we indicated last time, the picture is that the mind--the soul-- is able to grasp these eternal Platonic forms, the ideas.
柏拉图认为接下来,我们就有理由去相信,灵魂的不朽,就像我们上次指出的,它的中心思想是心灵,灵魂,可以去认知,这些柏拉图的型相,理念
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As I said, we've been considering different kinds of arguments for the existence of a soul, each of which appeals to some feature about us-- our creativity, our ability to feel, the fact that we have a qualitative aspect of experience, our ability to reason-- what have you.
我说过,我们考察了各种各样,证明灵魂存在的论证,每一种都诉诸我们的某种特性,我们的创造性,我们的感知能力,当然还有我们定性方面的经验,我们推理的能力,诸如此类的
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But one of the things that it can do, one of the things that sort of provides the underpinnings, as we'll see, for Plato's arguments for the immortality of the soul is the soul can think about--; well, here I'll have to introduce a word of philosophical jargon.
但是,在灵魂能做的所有事情中,我们会发现,有一件事可以说是,柏拉图论证灵魂不朽的基础,这件事就是,灵魂能够思考,在这里我要引入一个哲学术语
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If we give him number two, it's going to follow that whatever's doing the grasping-- call that the soul since the soul is just Plato's word for our mind-- if whatever's doing the grasping of the eternal and non-physical forms must itself be eternal and non-physical, it follows that the soul must be non-physical.
假如我们承认前提二,那么接下来就是不管是什么事物在认知,姑且称之为灵魂好了,因为灵魂是柏拉图对我们心灵的称呼,假如能够认知永恒,和非现实型相的事物本身必须是,永恒和非现实的,那么灵魂必须是非现实的
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Maybe there are certain supernatural things about communication from the dead or near-death experiences that need to be explained in terms of the soul.
也许有某些超自然的关于,亡者或是弥留之人的交流,或是,濒死体验,需要借助灵魂才能解释得通
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Well, Plato's very next argument attempts to persuade us that indeed we do have reason to believe that the soul is one of the prior-existing pieces.
柏拉图下面一个论证就试着,说服我们有理由相信,灵魂原来就是存在的
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That approach pretty clearly isn't going to work for souls, because a soul--and again, we've got in mind this metaphysical view, according to which it's something immaterial-- isn't something we see.
但这种方法显然不能用来证明灵魂的存在,因为灵魂,我再一次说明,从这种形而上学的角度来看,灵魂是非物质实体,我们看不到它
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Even if there is an immortal soul-- Sorry. Even if there is a non-physical soul that's part of me, we don't yet have any reason to believe that it's one of the fundamental building blocks that were being recycled.
即使灵魂是不灭的,不对,即使有个非现实的灵魂是我的一部分,我们并没有任何理由去相信,灵魂是被循环利用的,基本组成部分之一
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