So, they make their personal or dynastic rule absolute based on loyalty to them as individuals and not to the state as some sort of abstraction.

所以,君主将个人或者王朝的绝对统治,建立在［民众］对其统治家族的忠诚,而非国家这样的抽象概念上

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

If this theory you might say of sort of cataclysmic change is true we cannot rule out the possibility that a constitution like ours or even identical to ours existed at some point in the ancient past in the far distant past that Aristotle knew about.

你们可能认为，如果这个理论,即剧烈变革的理论为真,我们就不能排除,像美国宪法,或相同于美国之其它现存宪法,早在远古。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选