The hoplite himself is marked by, first of all, the shield and second of all, as we continue to think about his defensive capacities, he has a certain amount of armor to protect his body.

重装步兵的标志,首先就是盾牌,其次,和我们将要说到的防御力有关,就是士兵的身体有一定程度的护甲保护

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The shield itself, as I've told you is made of a heavy wood, covered by a leather or bronze sheet about three feet across, something in the neighborhood of 16 to 20 pounds worth of shield and gripped as I told you before.

而盾牌,就像我说过的,是由沉重的木材制成,上面包裹有皮革或铜皮,约三英尺宽,大概是十六到二十磅重,就像我刚才所说的,拿起来很费劲

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

So you want to think about his hoplite, when he has everything on and when the shield is in place, again let me sort of try to demonstrate this, he ought to be covered by some kind of defense from head to toe.

所以你们可以想象这样一个情景,一名士兵全副武装,盾甲齐备,我还是演示一下吧,他从头到脚,应该算是武装到牙齿了

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Now, that's a very important point, because why in the world would you give a shield of the kind I am describing, for a man to defend himself, if you imagine him standing by himself anywhere, if you imagine him any distance from the rest of the guys fighting alongside of him.

这点非常关键,那就是到底为什么要将,这样一种盾牌,给士兵们使用,想象一下这个场景,这个士兵在战场的某个角落孤军奋战,与其它友军士兵相隔甚远

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选