When you get--this is Rituparna, counting the leaves on a tree-- you can estimate, from a sample, the population expected values.

如果你...像数叶子的睿都巴若那一样,只有部分样本的话,你可以来估计总体均值

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Get loads of, you can sample the food which is nice.

还会得到很多东西，你可以试吃那些美味的食物。

宣传美食应用程序 - SpeakingMax英语口语达人

We can define it in a couple of different ways depending on whether we're talking about sample mean or population mean.

我们有几种不同的方式去定义这个概念,取决于我们指的是,样本均值还是总体均值

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

And the other thing you can do is take self reports like the ones you're doing, hopefully do enough of them, and a random enough sample of the population, that you can extrapolate from that sample to the whole population, and try to estimate what people are eating in that way.

还有其他可以做的,比如大家正在做的这种个体调查,希望能把它做的充分些,如果有充足的随机样本,就可以从样本推断出,整个总体,从而推断哪类人有这样的饮食习惯

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This is very important,which is why I am doing it: "If we want to know how fast a human being can run, then it is no use to average out the speed of a "good sample" of the population; it is far better to collect Olympic gold medal winners and see how well they can do.

这话非常重要，是我作这个研究的原因：,“如果想知道人类最快能跑多快，那从好的样本中测出平均数是“,没用的;,而应该收集田径类奥运冠军的信息,看他们能跑多快。

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You can also use PCR to identify specific genes that are present in a biological sample.

你也可以利用PCR技术去识别,一个生物样本中的某段特定基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You don't have to count all the leaves on the tree, you can take a sample and you count that and then you multiply.

你不必数树上所有的叶子,你可以抽样,然后计数,再相乘即可

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Well let's talk about some mechanisms for using this and I'll start with a simple example of how one can detect a gene in a fluid, in a blood sample for example, where that gene is unknown.

我们来说说这项技术在实际应用中的机制,先从一个简单例子着手,如何在一个血样中,侦测是否存在某段基因序列,某段未知基因序列

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选