If I place my container of gas on the table here, and I come back an hour later, the pressure needs to be the same when I come back Otherwise it's not equilibrium.

如果我把装气体的容器放在桌子上，一小时以后我再回来时,气体的压强应该是不变的,否则它就不是平衡的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Water boils at different temperatures, depending on what the atmospheric pressure is; same thing for the freezing point.

丹佛和波士顿水的沸点，就不一样;,在不同的大气压下。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If I've got a gas in a container, the pressure of the gas has to be the same everywhere in the container, otherwise it's not equilibrium.

如果把气体装进容器里，容器内各处气体的压强,应该是一样的，否则它就不是平衡的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

You just change volume to pressure and basically you're looking at enthalpy under a constant -- anything that's done at a constant volume path with energy, there's the same thing happening under constant pressure path for enthalpy.

可以看到这就是把体积换成了压强,一般我们都是在一种恒定状态下,考虑焓的，任何在恒容条件下,能伴随能量变化的东西，也在恒压条件下伴随焓同样地变化,所以你可以经常。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Now, we can do the same procedure for the pressure change.

下面我们对压强变化,做相同的事，我们所要做的是。

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T2 Is the temperature T2 in this process smaller or larger than if I were to do the process reversibly with the same endpoint pressure.

这里的末态温度,与经过可逆绝热过程,到达相同压强的末态温度相比哪个比较高呢？

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Similarly for G as a function of temperature and pressure, I can go through the same procedure.

同样的G作为,温度和压强的函数，我可以采用相同的步骤。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Eventually we want the same relationship in the pressure and volume.

我们需要的是,压强和温度间的关系。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

This is going to end up at a different temperature by the way. You saw this last time in a slightly different way. Last time what you saw is we compared isothermal and adiabatic paths that ended up at the same final pressure, and what you saw is that therefore they ended up in different final volumes.

末态温度是不一样的,上次你们看到的,和这个有一点不一样,上次我们比较的是末态压强,相等的等温过程和绝热过程,因此它们的末态,体积是不一样的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So the real pressure is not quite the same because of this attractive force as it was, as it would be without the attractive forces.

气体压强,由于分子间的吸引作用,会比理想气体要小,这样，我们应该修正p的值。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Remember it's the external pressure that's important. In this case, because it's a reversible process, the external pressure turns out to be always the same as the internal pressure.

是过程非常缓慢,比如我把体积，从V1压缩到V2时，我做得十分缓慢,在过程中的任何一点。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选