What do we make of these allusions to divine colleagues or subordinates in light of Kaufman's claims regarding biblical monotheism?

参照考夫曼的一神论主张，我们如何理解这些暗示？,他们的地位等同于，还是次于上帝？

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

The last few pages are a schedule of the actual readings, and the assignment that you'll have for the weekend and for next week's lectures are the readings by Kaufman.

后面的几张是关于真正要去读的材料和，周末作业的安排,为下一周讲课安排的阅读材料是考夫曼写的。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

And it's that picture of the universe, Kaufman wants to argue, that is challenged by the monotheistic revolution. Again he sees this as a revolution of ancient Israel.

考夫曼提出，正是这个宇宙的大致框架，受到了来自一神论革命的挑战，在考夫曼看来,这是古以色列的一次革命。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

What is Kaufman claiming? Okay. That's exactly the kind of stuff that should be popping into your head-What about...what about?--okay, and in section, you're going to be discussing exactly that story. Okay?

考夫曼对此是怎么看的等等，这些都的确是,你们不假思索应该想到的，怎么看待这个，怎么看待那个，在这个章节里你们会详细地讨论这个故事？

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

I really, really need you to read that before the next class, and I want you to read it critically.Kaufman's ideas are important, but they are also overstated, and so they're going to be interesting for us.

我非常非常需要你们在下一次课前读完，要带有批判性的去读，考夫曼的思想是很重要的，但也有夸张的成分在里面，所以阅读他的作品对我们来说是很有趣的。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

And that's an aspect that is really not entertained by Kaufman.

而这个观点并不为考夫曼所接受。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

So in sum, Kaufman's argument is this: Israel conceived of the divine in an entirely new way. Israel's God differed from the pagan gods in his essential nature. The pagan gods were natural gods.

总而言之，考夫曼的观点就是：以色列从一种全新的角度,构想了神的世界，以色列的上帝与异教的众神,在本质上完全不同，异教的众神是自然的神。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

What that means, Kaufman asserts, is that in pagan religion there's very often a fluid boundary between the divine, the human, and the natural worlds. They blur into one another because they all emerge ultimately from the same primordial world stuff.

考夫曼认为，在异教概念里,神族、人类和自然世界的划分标准通常是不固定的，三者之间互相影响，因为从根本上来说,它们都是从同一个世界本源上发展而来。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

Now in Kaufman's view the similarities, therefore, between the Israelites and Ancient Near Eastern religion and cultures that everyone was so busily finding and celebrating, these were in the end similarities in form and external structure, appearance. They weren't essential similarities.

在考夫曼看来，人们苦苦寻找的,犹太与古近东宗教文化的相似点,只是在形式和外部结构上相同罢了,这些并不是必要的。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

In these stories, Recall some of Kaufman's ideas or categories again.

在这些故事中，让我们再来回顾Kaufman的一些观点和分类。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

There's a clear tendency in this story towards monotheism in the abstract terms that Kaufman described.

这里有明显的一神论倾向,在Kaufman言辞抽象的表述中。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

I'm using the term mythology now the way we used it in the last lecture when we were talking about Kaufman's work.

我这里说的神话与上一节课中所指是同一个意思,就在我们讨论Kaufman的作品时。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选