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And the relationship that he put forth is that the momentum is equal to Planck's constant times nu divided by the speed of light, or it's often more useful for us to think about it in terms of wavelength.
爱因斯坦提出的关系式是,动量等于普朗克常数,乘以υ除以光速，或者用波长来表示,通常更容易让我们想明白。
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It's constant pressure. OK, so now, last time you looked at the Joule expansion to teach you how to relate derivatives like du/dV.
这是恒压的，好，上节课你们,学习了焦耳定律,以及怎样进行导数间的变换。
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And finally we have Planck's constant here, which we're all familiar with.
最后这个是我们，都很熟悉的普朗克常数。
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Well, you might say it's constant, right?
你可能说是常量对不对？
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It's constant reminder, twice a week.
经常性的提醒，一周两次。
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It's this drive to constant self-definition that becomes the characteristic feature of Milton's work for later generations.
就是这种对自我界定的欲望,变成了弥尔顿留给后人的,作品的典型特征。
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And I think there's that constant tussle going on in us Circumstances can push someone one way while another certain encouragement pushes more towards acting ethically.
在我们的内心时常会有这样的斗争,特定的环境促使我们选择漠视,同时，一些鼓励促使我们依照道德行事。
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Suddenly, we have evidence, thirteen or fourteen hundred years earlier, that people were reading this stuff and, by and large, it's a pretty constant textual tradition.
因为突然间，我们有了证据，证明1200或1400年前就有人，读着这些经文而且总的来说，经文一直延续了其文本传统。
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The gold standard was a success in the sense that the price of gold stayed constant because that's what the whole system was designed to do.
金本位制度是一个成功,因为金子的价值保持不变，并且这也是,人们当初对这设计整个系统的意图所在。
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There is also the constant, creative tension around experimentation and making sure everyone in the organization feels it's better to experiment, fail and then move on and experiment again than to not do that.
而且，在技术试验上，他总会持续迸发出创造性的火花,在这之前，马克会去确认,团队里的每一个人是否同意试验，如果第一次失败，我们会继续,而不是停止试验。
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It's in the nature of things to go at a constant velocity.
能保持恒定速度是物体的固有性质
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V2 So, if one goes to two and V1 goes to V2, and it's constant temperature, just what we've specified there.
如果状态1变到状态1并且体积从V1到，同时温度保持不变，这就是我们这里要讨论的问题。
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What is it when you run a chemical reaction under ordinary circumstances, what's constant?
如果你在通常的环境下进行化学实验,那么这些条件是什么？什么保持常数？
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So this is still adiabatic. It's insulated, but now it's constant volume, OK.
这仍然是绝热的，是隔热的，但现在它的体积是恒定的。
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It only cares what temperature is. If temperature is constant, there's no change in energy.
如果温度是常数,能量就没有变化，对理想气体。
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What Einstein then clarified for us was that we could also be talking about energies, and he described the relationship between frequency and energy that they're proportional, if you want to know the energy, you just multiply the frequency by Planck's constant.
爱因斯坦阐述的是我们,也可以从能量的角度来谈论，他描述频率和能量之间的关系,是成比例的，如果希望知道能量值，你用普朗克常数乘以频率就可以了。
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And I use the term photon here, and that's because he also concluded that light must be made up of these energy packets, and each packet has that h, that Planck's constant's worth of energy in it, so that's why you have to multiply Planck's constant times the frequency.
我这里用光子这个词,是因为他还总结出光,必须由这些能量包组成，每个能量,包有这个h，普朗克常数代表,里面的能量，所以这就是为什么你们,要用普朗克常数乘以频率。
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The material tells of God's provision for the people in the desert, but it also tells of the Israelites' constant complaining, and rebellion.
这些材料描述了上帝在沙漠中对人们的供应，同时也描述了犹太人不间断的抱怨和背叛。
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Why? Because that's a constant access, right?
常数时间的访问，对么？要在内存中定位？
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And it's still adiabatic, but now it's constant volume. And it's also reversal right.
它仍然是绝热的，但现在是,在等体条件下，它也是可逆的。
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I'm going to call it r. It's going to be the gas constant, and now I have r times t is equal to the limit, p goes to zero of p r.
如果去掉p趋于0的条件,在有限压强下都,保持RT=pV的关系。
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If you want to write a function that describes this line here, it's pressure as a function of volume related to each other with this constant.
如果要写出描述这条等温线的方程,它的压强和体积,就通过常数C相联系起来。
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Because we did work at constant pressure, and so it's just volume difference times pressure.
因为是在恒压下做功，所以功就等于体积变化乘以压力。
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And the equation of state, pressure versus volume at constant temperature, is going to have some form, let's just draw it in there like that.
系统的态函数，恒温下压强比体积，变化曲线，就像这样。
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It's not constant pressure, because we have a delta p going on. It's not constant volume either.
也不是恒容，这个限制,是这个实验的限制。
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It's now, all we have to do is say we're going to have heat at constant volume.
我们需要做的就是,计算恒定体积下的热量。
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Let's hang on for a little while longer to a set of conditions where we will maintain constant entropy, namely constant entropy and pressure.
我们先继续考虑,保持熵不变的情况，即保持熵和压强不变。
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