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After that I want to talk about the stock market and I want to--there's a lot to talk about.
在后面我会讲到股票市场,我会讲到很多知识
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Now the brokerage industry-- The New York Stock Exchange goes back into the eighteenth century, it's very old.
经纪行业历史悠久...,纽约股票交易所历史悠久,成立于18世纪
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Because if the other countries with this fish stock-- let's say the fish stock is the Atlantic-- if the other countries are going to fish as normal, you may as well fish as normal too.
因为如果其他国家拥有这个鱼群,假设这个鱼群在大西洋,如果其他国家打算正常捕捞,你应该也会正常捕捞
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well, that's the way Wall Street works or at least a -some people say markets are efficient and stock prices incorporate all information.
华尔街就是这么运作的,一些人认为市场是有效的,股票价格是各种信息的综合体现
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In a stock repurchase, if they repurchase everybody's shares-- the same proportion--it doesn't affect that ratio.
股票回购中,若他们购回所有人的股份,相同份额比,那就不会影响比例
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They'll tell someone, hurry up and buy this stock because it's going to go ex-dividend.
他们告诉买家,迅速买入这支股票,因为它马上要除息了
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Here is the price-earnings ratio for the U.S. stock market from 1881 to the present-- this is also on that spreadsheet that you have on the website.
这是美国股票市场的市盈率,从1881年至今,这份数据也在网站上的电子数据表上
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In the Basel I there were Tier I capital requirements and they defined Tier I capital as capital in a certain form -it's stockholders equity plus preferred stock.
第一次巴塞尔协议提出了一级资本要求,他们将一级资本定义为,一种特定形式的资本金,就是股东权益加上优先股
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The other thing that a company can do to get money out is share repurchase-- stock repurchase or share repurchase It's perfectly--this sometimes surprises people when they first think about it.
另外一个可以让公司,收回投资的方法是股票回购,股票回购或者股份回购,最初看到这一方法时,人们可能会十分惊讶
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One is that -there's a literature in finance about options and stock price performance, which goes back ten years, that shows that something is not quite right with the way companies issue options.
其中之一是,有一部关于期权与股票价格表现,的金融文献,讲述的是十年前,关于公司发行期权的,一些不太正确的做法
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In essence, this collapse in stock prices -the one-day collapse in stock prices -I think in the U.S. The price was, depending on which index you were looking at, were down 21-22% in a single day.
实际上,这次股价暴跌,股价一天内的跌幅,当然在美国国内,要看你参考的是哪种股指,但基本上一天之内暴跌21-22%
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One is building new houses, another one is building new apartment buildings that's commercial instead of-- but it's still adding to the housing stock and the third one is improvements of existing houses.
一种是新建家庭住宅,另一种是新建公寓,用于商业用途而非...,也是存量住房的一部分,第三种是现房改造
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I'm not going to put Yale's entire portfolio in Google stock, I'm not going to go back and take Yale's entire portfolio to day-trade bond futures; in part, because it would be bad for me personally.
我不会用耶鲁的全部资产买谷歌股票,我也不会,用耶鲁的全部资产买债券期货,一方面是因为,这对我个人不利
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Then he comes back and says, I managed to get all but one hundred shares and there's this one guy-- this Yale student--who owns one hundred shares of Google stock and I'm having trouble getting him to sell.
然后他回来了,说,就差一手股票就齐了,有一个股东,耶鲁大学的学生,有一百股谷歌股票,他就是不卖
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